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16.10.2018 | Anästhesie

Schmerztherapie bei Intensivpatienten

verfasst von: Dr. Katharina Rose, Prof. Dr. Winfried Meißner

Erschienen in: Wiener klinisches Magazin | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Schmerzen gehören zu den Erinnerungen an eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung, die Patienten am meisten belasten, und haben eine Reihe negativer physiologischer Konsequenzen. Mehr als die Hälfte aller Patienten berichten von mäßigen oder starken Schmerzen während ihrer Intensivbehandlung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Prozeduren. Schmerzen und ihre funktionellen Konsequenzen bei Intensivpatienten sollten daher konsequent erfasst und behandelt werden. Im Mittelpunkt der pharmakologischen Schmerztherapie stehen Opioide wegen ihrer hohen analgetischen Potenz, nachteilig sind jedoch gastrointestinale Motilitätsstörungen und Toleranzentwicklungen. Bei Nichtopioiden ist die potenzielle Organtoxizität von nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) bzw. Paracetamol zu beachten. Ketamin und α2-Agonisten können das analgetische Konzept ergänzen. In Analogie zur perioperativen Anwendung erscheint die i. v.-Gabe von Lidocain aufgrund eines reduzierten Opioidbedarfs und einer verbesserten gastrointestinalen Motilität auch in der Intensivmedizin vertretbar. Bei Regionalanalgesieverfahren sollte eine sorgfältige Abwägung zwischen ihrer oft guten Wirksamkeit und potenziellen Komplikationen durchgeführt werden. Nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren – insbesondere die transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation (TENS) – haben sich in der postoperativen Schmerztherapie sehr bewährt. Auch wenn kaum Daten aus der Intensivmedizin vorliegen, erscheint ein Therapieversuch wegen ihrer geringen Komplikationsträchtigkeit gerechtfertigt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schmerztherapie bei Intensivpatienten
verfasst von
Dr. Katharina Rose
Prof. Dr. Winfried Meißner
Publikationsdatum
16.10.2018
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinisches Magazin / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1869-1757
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7817
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00740-018-0259-5

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