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Erschienen in: Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen 1/2018

06.03.2018 | Originalien

State of the Art: internistisches Lebertransplantationsmanagement

verfasst von: Armin Finkenstedt, Ivo Graziadei

Erschienen in: Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Die Lebertransplantation stellt heute ein Standardverfahren zur Behandlung fortgeschrittener Lebererkrankungen und des hepatozellulären Karzinoms dar. Der folgende Artikel schildert die wichtigsten Aspekte im Management von lebertransplantierten Patienten, da nur mit einer optimalen Nachsorge 5‑Jahres-Überlebensraten von über 70 % erreicht werden können. In der Frühphase während des ersten Jahrs nach Transplantation liegt das Hauptaugenmerk der Nachsorge in der frühzeitigen Erkennung von Komplikationen, wie Thrombosen der Arteria hepatica, Stenosen der Gallenwege, und infektiologischer Probleme. Neben bakteriellen Infektionen sind auch Reaktivierungen latenter Infektionen, insbesondere die Zytomegalievirus(CMV)-Erkrankung, prognostisch bedeutsam und erfordern je nach Risikokonstellation eine entsprechende Prophylaxe. Abstoßungsreaktionen treten ebenfalls in den ersten postoperativen Monaten am häufigsten auf, sind dank moderner, kalzineurininhibitorbasierter Immunsuppressionsregime aber nur mehr selten Ursache für einen Verlust des Transplantats. Mit zunehmender Dauer nach Transplantation rücken dann De-novo-Malignome, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und chronische Abstoßung als Hauptursache für Morbidität und Mortalität im Langzeitverlauf in den Vordergrund der Nachsorge. Die akute und chronische Nephrotoxizität der Kalzineurininhibitoren stellt letztlich sowohl in der Früh- wie auch in der Spätphase eine Herausforderung dar und erfordert oftmals den Wechsel auf eine kalzineurininhibitorfreie Immunsuppression.
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Metadaten
Titel
State of the Art: internistisches Lebertransplantationsmanagement
verfasst von
Armin Finkenstedt
Ivo Graziadei
Publikationsdatum
06.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1728-6263
Elektronische ISSN: 1728-6271
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41971-018-0023-0

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