Skip to main content
Erschienen in:

06.06.2023 | original article

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the fear avoidance components scale in patients with chronic pain related to musculoskeletal disorders

verfasst von: Kadir Turan, PT, MSc, Zübeyir Sarı, PT, PhD, Fatih Özden, PT, PhD

Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 1-2/2024

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Background

The fear avoidance components scale (FACS) evaluates patients’ cognitive, emotional and behavioral fear avoidance behavior. The aim of the study was to conduct the cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the FACS.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 208 patients (46.2 ± 11.4 years, 116 women, 92 men) diagnosed with chronic pain related to musculoskeletal disorders. Individuals were assessed with FACS, Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK), Beck depression inventory (BDI), Oswestry disability index (ODI), numerical pain scale (NPS), and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). A total of 70 patients completed the FACS for the second time 3 days later.

Results

Internal consistency of the total score was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.815). There was a strong correlation between FACS and TSK and PCS (r1 0.555, r2 0.678, p < 0.001). In addition, the relationship between FACS and BDI and NPS was moderate in terms of construct validity (r1 0.357, r2 0.391, p < 0.001). FACS had a two-factor structure, as expected. The test-retest reliability of the FACS was acceptable to excellent (ICC = 0.526–0.971).

Conclusion

The Turkish version of FACS is a valid and reliable questionnaire for patients with chronic pain related to musculoskeletal disorders. The FACS provides a further advantage over identical questionnaires by evaluating cognitive, behavioral and emotional fear avoidance components.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Darnall BD, Carr DB, Schatman ME. Pain psychology and the biopsychosocial model of pain treatment: ethical imperatives and social responsibility. Pain Med. 2017;18(8):1413–5.PubMed Darnall BD, Carr DB, Schatman ME. Pain psychology and the biopsychosocial model of pain treatment: ethical imperatives and social responsibility. Pain Med. 2017;18(8):1413–5.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lethem J, Slade P, Troup J, Bentley G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception—I. Behav Res Ther. 1983;21(4):401–8.CrossRefPubMed Lethem J, Slade P, Troup J, Bentley G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception—I. Behav Res Ther. 1983;21(4):401–8.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30(1):77–94.CrossRefPubMed Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30(1):77–94.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, Van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62(3):363–72.CrossRefPubMed Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, Van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62(3):363–72.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000;85(3):317–32.CrossRefPubMed Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000;85(3):317–32.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Crombez G, Eccleston C, Van Damme S, Vlaeyen JW, Karoly P. Fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: the next generation. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(6):475–83.CrossRefPubMed Crombez G, Eccleston C, Van Damme S, Vlaeyen JW, Karoly P. Fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: the next generation. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(6):475–83.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Asmundson GJ, Katz J. Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state-of-the-art. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(10):888–901.CrossRefPubMed Asmundson GJ, Katz J. Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state-of-the-art. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(10):888–901.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes MM, Lewith G, Newell D, Field J, Bishop FL. The impact of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice for pain: a systematic review. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(2):245–57.CrossRefPubMed Holmes MM, Lewith G, Newell D, Field J, Bishop FL. The impact of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice for pain: a systematic review. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(2):245–57.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Neblett R, Mayer TG, Hartzell MM, Williams MJ, Gatchel RJ. The Fear-avoidance components scale (FACS): Development and psychometric evaluation of a new measure of pain-related fear avoidance. Pain Pract. 2016;16(4):435–50.CrossRefPubMed Neblett R, Mayer TG, Hartzell MM, Williams MJ, Gatchel RJ. The Fear-avoidance components scale (FACS): Development and psychometric evaluation of a new measure of pain-related fear avoidance. Pain Pract. 2016;16(4):435–50.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Neblett R, Mayer TG, Williams MJ, Asih S, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Hartzell MM, et al. The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS). Clin J Pain. 2017;33(12):1088–99.CrossRefPubMed Neblett R, Mayer TG, Williams MJ, Asih S, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Hartzell MM, et al. The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS). Clin J Pain. 2017;33(12):1088–99.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gutiérrez-Sánchez D, Roldán-Jiménez C, Pajares B, Alba E, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Validity and reliability of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale in breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care. 2021;30(6):e13506.CrossRef Gutiérrez-Sánchez D, Roldán-Jiménez C, Pajares B, Alba E, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Validity and reliability of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale in breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care. 2021;30(6):e13506.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Knezevic A, Neblett R, Gatchel RJ, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Bugarski-Ignjatovic V, Tomasevic-Todorovic S, et al. Psychometric validation of the Serbian version of the Fear Avoidance Component Scale (FACS). PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e204311.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Knezevic A, Neblett R, Gatchel RJ, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Bugarski-Ignjatovic V, Tomasevic-Todorovic S, et al. Psychometric validation of the Serbian version of the Fear Avoidance Component Scale (FACS). PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e204311.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bid DD, Neblett R, Alagappan TR, Patel CJ, Patel KN, Patel RL, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Gujarati fear-avoidance components scale. Physiother J Indian Assoc Physiother. 2020;14(2):98.CrossRef Bid DD, Neblett R, Alagappan TR, Patel CJ, Patel KN, Patel RL, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Gujarati fear-avoidance components scale. Physiother J Indian Assoc Physiother. 2020;14(2):98.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Muniz J, Elosua P, Hambleton RK. International test commission guidelines for test translation and adaptation. Psicothema. 2013;25(2):151–7.PubMed Muniz J, Elosua P, Hambleton RK. International test commission guidelines for test translation and adaptation. Psicothema. 2013;25(2):151–7.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Granat L, Andersson S, Hadziabdic E, Brännström M, Sandgren A. Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Self-efficacy in Palliative Care scale (SEPC) for use in Swedish healthcare settings. BMC Palliat Care. 2022;21(1):1–11.CrossRef Granat L, Andersson S, Hadziabdic E, Brännström M, Sandgren A. Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Self-efficacy in Palliative Care scale (SEPC) for use in Swedish healthcare settings. BMC Palliat Care. 2022;21(1):1–11.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34–42.CrossRefPubMed Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34–42.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Prinsen CA, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, De Vet HC, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Prinsen CA, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, De Vet HC, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Walter S, Eliasziw M, Donner A. Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Statist Med. 1998;17(1):101–10.CrossRef Walter S, Eliasziw M, Donner A. Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Statist Med. 1998;17(1):101–10.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonett DG. Sample size requirements for estimating intraclass correlations with desired precision. Stat Med. 2002;21(9):1331–5.CrossRefPubMed Bonett DG. Sample size requirements for estimating intraclass correlations with desired precision. Stat Med. 2002;21(9):1331–5.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Yilmaz O, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Ulug N. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. 2011. Yilmaz O, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Ulug N. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. 2011.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100.CrossRef Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapci EG, Uslu R, Turkcapar H, Karaoglan A. Beck Depression Inventory II: evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut-off points in a Turkish adult population. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(10):E104–E10.CrossRefPubMed Kapci EG, Uslu R, Turkcapar H, Karaoglan A. Beck Depression Inventory II: evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut-off points in a Turkish adult population. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(10):E104–E10.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Yakut E, Düger T, Öksüz Ç, Yörükan S, Üreten K, Turan D, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine. 2004;29(5):581–5.CrossRefPubMed Yakut E, Düger T, Öksüz Ç, Yörükan S, Üreten K, Turan D, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine. 2004;29(5):581–5.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Jensen MP, Turner JA, Romano JM, Fisher LD. Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures. Pain. 1999;83(2):157–62.CrossRefPubMed Jensen MP, Turner JA, Romano JM, Fisher LD. Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures. Pain. 1999;83(2):157–62.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sullivan MJ, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524. Sullivan MJ, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ugurlu M, Karakas Ugurlu G, Erten S, Caykoylu A. Validity of Turkish form of Pain Catastrophizing Scale and modeling of the relationship between pain-related disability with pain intensity, cognitive, and emotional factors. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(2):189–96.CrossRef Ugurlu M, Karakas Ugurlu G, Erten S, Caykoylu A. Validity of Turkish form of Pain Catastrophizing Scale and modeling of the relationship between pain-related disability with pain intensity, cognitive, and emotional factors. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(2):189–96.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Perinetti G, StaTips Part IV. Selection, interpretation and reporting of the intraclass correlation coefficient. South Eur J Orthod Dentofac Res. 2018;5(1):3–5.CrossRef Perinetti G, StaTips Part IV. Selection, interpretation and reporting of the intraclass correlation coefficient. South Eur J Orthod Dentofac Res. 2018;5(1):3–5.CrossRef
29.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Costello AB, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2005;10(1):7. Costello AB, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2005;10(1):7.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Cuesta-Vargas AI, Neblett R, Gatchel RJ, Roldán-Jiménez C. Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):1–9.CrossRef Cuesta-Vargas AI, Neblett R, Gatchel RJ, Roldán-Jiménez C. Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish fear-avoidance components scale and clinical implications in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):1–9.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10(1):1–8.CrossRef Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10(1):1–8.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the fear avoidance components scale in patients with chronic pain related to musculoskeletal disorders
verfasst von
Kadir Turan, PT, MSc
Zübeyir Sarı, PT, PhD
Fatih Özden, PT, PhD
Publikationsdatum
06.06.2023
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 1-2/2024
Print ISSN: 0043-5325
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-023-02224-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1-2/2024

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 1-2/2024 Zur Ausgabe