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Erschienen in: Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz 4/2023

23.11.2023 | Menopause

Update Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose 2023

verfasst von: Dr. med. Sven Oser, Prof. Hans Jörg Häuselmann, Dr. med. Mathias Wenger

Erschienen in: Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz | Ausgabe 4/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Die Knochendichtemessung und die Einschätzung des Risikos für osteoporotische Frakturen ist heute Standard zur Diagnose und Therapie einer Osteoporose. In speziellen Fällen (z. B. normale Knochendichte und osteoporotische Frakturen) kann eine zusätzliche, nichtkassenpflichtige Untersuchung mittels hochauflösender Mikro-CT weiterhelfen. Die richtige und frühe Diagnose der Osteoporose lässt eine frühzeitige Behandlung zu, sodass die erste Fraktur, als Hauptrisikofaktor für weitere Frakturen, verhindert werden kann. Grundsätze zur Prävention einer Osteoporose sind die körperliche Betätigung (Muskelkräftigung, Gleichgewichtstraining), die ausgewogene, proteinreiche Diät und die ausreichende Versorgung mit Kalzium und Vitamin D. Grundätze der Therapie der Osteoporose sind die Identifikation der therapiepflichtigen Risikopatientinnen und -patienten, der rechtzeitige Beginn einer Therapie, die adäquate Wahl der „Therapiestärke“ und die Wahl des Therapieschemas im Hinblick auf eine Langzeittherapie der Osteoporose als chronische Erkrankung. Es ist wichtig, den Begriff des imminenten (unmittelbaren) Frakturrisikos als einer der Hauptrisikofaktoren für weitere osteoporotische Frakturen zu kennen, um den richtigen Therapieentscheid treffen zu können, die Evaluation einer primär osteoanabolen Therapie. In der modernen Osteoporosetherapie werden verschiedene Wirkmechanismen ergänzt, sodass in Sequenz oder Kombination von Therapien ein additiver Therapieeffekt erreicht wird und Nebenwirkungen, mit Therapiepausen oder Anschlusstherapien, vermindert werden können. Ein Beispiel dafür ist das Konzept der Bisphosphonat-Therapiepause nach 3‑ bis 5‑jähriger Bisphosphonaten-Therapie; ein anderes Beispiel, die Möglichkeit der Kombination von Therapien mit synergistischem Effekt, wie die der menopausalen Hormontherapie mit den Bisphosphonaten. Neu steht das osteoanabol und antiresorptiv wirkende Romosozumab zur Verfügung. Ein Augenmerk muss auf die Wahl von Anschlusstherapien gelegt werden. Besonders im Fall von Denosumab ist die richtige antiresorptive Anschlussbehandlung elementar, um Knochendichte zu erhalten, aber vor allem, um Wirbelkörperfrakturen zu verhindern. Weniger ausgeprägt, aber ebenso wichtig, betrifft dies die antiresorptive Nachbehandlung einer menopausalen Hormontherapie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Update Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose 2023
verfasst von
Dr. med. Sven Oser
Prof. Hans Jörg Häuselmann
Dr. med. Mathias Wenger
Publikationsdatum
23.11.2023
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz / Ausgabe 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1995-6924
Elektronische ISSN: 2520-8500
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41975-023-00321-y

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