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Wiener klinische Wochenschrift

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01.01.2023 | leitlinien für die praxis

Rauchen, erhitzte Tabakprodukte, Alkohol und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)

verfasst von: Helmut Brath, Susanne Kaser, Christian Tatschl, Stephanie Fischer-See, Peter Fasching

Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift | Sonderheft 1/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Rauchen und Passivrauchen erhöhen Diabetesinzidenz und Wahrscheinlichkeit für Spätschäden deutlich. Rauchstopp kann zu Gewichtszunahme und erhöhtem Diabetesrisiko führen, senkt aber trotzdem kardiovaskuläre und Gesamtmortalität. Eine Basisdiagnostik (Fagerström Test, exhalatorisches CO) ist die Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Raucherentwöhnung. An medikamentöser Unterstützung mit positiven Studiendaten stehen Varenicline, Nikotinersatztherapie und Bupropion zur Verfügung. Sozioökonomische und psychische Faktoren spielen für Rauchen und Rauchstopp eine wichtige Rolle. Erhitzte Tabakprodukte (wie die E‑Zigarette) sind keine „gesunde“ Alternative zu Zigaretten und ihrerseits mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert.

Moderater Alkoholkonsum senkt möglicherweise Diabetes- und kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Selektionsbias und falsche Angaben könnten in Studien allerdings diese Wirkungen zu optimistisch erscheinen lassen. Dem steht ein dosisabhängiges Mehr an Krankheit und gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Lebensjahren gegenüber, v. a. durch Krebs, Lebererkrankungen und Infektionen.

Vorheriger Artikel Lebensstil: körperliche Aktivität und Training in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)

Nächster Artikel Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes (Update 2023)

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Titel: Rauchen, erhitzte Tabakprodukte, Alkohol und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
verfasst von: Helmut Brath
Susanne Kaser
Christian Tatschl
Stephanie Fischer-See
Peter Fasching
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2023
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe Sonderheft 1/2023
Print ISSN: 0043-5325
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7671
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-023-02161-z

Springer Medizin Österreich

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