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Erschienen in: Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Österreich 2/2018

13.02.2018 | Originalien

Fetale Programmierung – von der Epidemiologie zur Epigenetik

verfasst von: Dr. med. Christoph Reichetzeder

Erschienen in: Gynäkologie in der Praxis | Ausgabe 2/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Das Konzept der fetalen Programmierung besagt, dass Umweltfaktoren, welche in der Embryonal- und Fetalzeit auf einen Organismus einwirken, weitreichende Folgen für den Gesundheitszustand im späteren Leben haben können. Wurde die fetale Programmierung anfangs vor allem mittels epidemiologischer Studien erforscht, gibt es mittlerweile auch viele experimentelle Arbeiten, die sich dem besseren Verständnis dieses biologischen Phänomens widmen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Vielzahl an umweltbedingten Faktoren, wie zum Beispiel Ernährung, Stress, Schadstoffbelastung u. v. m., während der Gestation fetal programmierende Effekte entfalten kann. Neuere Studien deuten darauf hin, dass maternale Genvarianten ohne deren Vererbung den Phänotyp der Nachkommen im Sinne des Konzepts der fetalen Programmierung beeinflussen können. Darüber hinaus mehren sich die Hinweise, dass auch dem Vater eine relevante Rolle in der fetalen Programmierung zukommt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten konnten bezüglich der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen der fetalen Programmierung viele neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Man geht inzwischen davon aus, dass epigenetische Mechanismen, also meiotisch bzw. mitotisch vererbbare Veränderungen der Genexpression, die nicht in der DNA selbst codiert sind, eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Viele Aspekte dieses noch recht jungen Forschungsgebiets sind jedoch bisher weiterhin wenig aufgeklärt, so zum Beispiel geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der fetalen Programmierung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fetale Programmierung – von der Epidemiologie zur Epigenetik
verfasst von
Dr. med. Christoph Reichetzeder
Publikationsdatum
13.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Gynäkologie in der Praxis / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 3005-0758
Elektronische ISSN: 3005-0766
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41974-018-0037-9

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