Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie von Fettstoffwechselstörungen: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

WHO. The top 10 causes of death. 2017. http://​www.​who.​int/​mediacentre/​factsheets/​fs310/​en/​. Zugegriffen: 01.2018

Nemetz PN, Smith CY, Bailey KR, Roger VL, Edwards WD, Leibson CL. Trends in coronary atherosclerosis: a tale of two population subgroups. Am J Med. 2016;129(3):307–14. CrossRefPubMed

Tabas I, Garcia-Cardena G, Owens GK. Recent insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis. J Cell Biol. 2015;209(1):13–22. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, Ray KK, Packard CJ, Bruckert E, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehx144. PubMedCentral

Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med. 1977;62(5):707–14. CrossRefPubMed

Ference BA, Robinson JG, Brook RD, Catapano AL, Chapman MJ, Neff DR, et al. Variation in PCSK9 and HMGCR and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(22):2144–53. CrossRefPubMed

Drexel H, Aczel S, Marte T, Benzer W, Langer P, Moll W, et al. Is atherosclerosis in diabetes and impaired fasting glucose driven by elevated LDL cholesterol or by decreased HDL cholesterol? Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):101–7. CrossRefPubMed

Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, McCagg A, White JA, Theroux P, et al. Ezetimibe added to Statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387–97. CrossRefPubMed

Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1713–22. CrossRefPubMed

Fruchart JC. Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulators (SPPARMalpha): the next generation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-agonists. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12:82. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Voight BF, Peloso GM, Orho-Melander M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Barbalic M, Jensen MK, et al. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):572–80. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Drexel H, Aczel S, Marte T, Vonbank A, Saely CH. Factors predicting cardiovascular events in statin-treated diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2010;208(2):484–9. CrossRefPubMed

Adiamah A, Psaltis E, Crook M, Lobo DN. A systematic review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and current management of hyperlipidaemic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2017; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​clnu.​2017.​09.​028. PubMed

Drexel H. Statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, anion-exchange resins, omega-3 fatty acids: which drugs for which patients? Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2009;23(6):687–92. CrossRefPubMed

Saely CH, Eber B, Pfeiffer KP, Drexel H. Low serum LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis on two different patient populations. Int J Cardiol. 2010;144(3):394–8. CrossRefPubMed

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–421.

Drexel H, Saely CH, Langer P, Loruenser G, Marte T, Risch L, et al. Metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits of eccentric endurance exercise—a pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38(4):218–26. CrossRefPubMed

Fortson MR, Freedman SN, Webster PD 3rd. Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(12):2134–9. PubMed

Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999–3058. CrossRefPubMed

Schaefer EJ, Gleason JA, Dansinger ML. Dietary fructose and glucose differentially affect lipid and glucose homeostasis. J Nutr. 2009;139(6):1257s–62s. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yuan G, Al-Shali KZ, Hegele RA. Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment. CMAJ. 2007;176(8):1113–20. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kovar J, Zemankova K. Moderate alcohol consumption and triglyceridemia. Physiol Res. 2015;64(Suppl 3):S371–S5. PubMed

Chait A, Brunzell JD. Chylomicronemia syndrome. Adv Intern Med. 1992;37:249–73. PubMed

Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Williams PT, Haskell WL. The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(7):461–6. CrossRefPubMed

Harris WS, Ginsberg HN, Arunakul N, Shachter NS, Windsor SL, Adams M, et al. Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1997;4(5–6):385–91. PubMed

Harris WS, Connor WE, Illingworth DR, Rothrock DW, Foster DM. Effects of fish oil on VLDL triglyceride kinetics in humans. J Lipid Res. 1990;31(9):1549–58. PubMed

Kontush A. HDL-mediated mechanisms of protection in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2014;103(3):341–9. CrossRefPubMed

Hernaez A, Fernandez-Castillejo S, Farras M, Catalan U, Subirana I, Montes R, et al. Olive oil polyphenols enhance high-density lipoprotein function in humans: a randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(9):2115–9. CrossRefPubMed

Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Corella D, Aros F, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279–90. CrossRefPubMed

Guasch-Ferre M, Hu FB, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Fito M, Bullo M, Estruch R, et al. Olive oil intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the PREDIMED Study. BMC Med. 2014;12:78. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Patrick L, Uzick M. C‑reactive protein and the inflammatory disease paradigm: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, alpha-tocopherol, red yeast rice, and olive oil polyphenols. A review of the literature. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic. Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;6(3):248–71.

Lu Z, Kou W, Du B, Wu Y, Zhao S, Brusco OA, et al. Effect of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(12):1689–93. CrossRefPubMed

Nigovic B, Sertic M, Mornar A. Simultaneous determination of lovastatin and citrinin in red yeast rice supplements by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Food Chem. 2013;138(1):531–8. CrossRefPubMed

Del Gobbo LC, Falk MC, Feldman R, Lewis K, Mozaffarian D. Effects of tree nuts on blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure: systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of 61 controlled intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1347–56. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Luo C, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Shan Z, Chen S, Yu M, et al. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):256–69. CrossRefPubMed

Katan MB, Zock PL, Mensink RP. Trans fatty acids and their effects on lipoproteins in humans. Annu Rev Nutr. 1995;15:473–93. CrossRefPubMed

Brouwer IA, Wanders AJ, Katan MB. Effect of animal and industrial trans fatty acids on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in humans—a quantitative review. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(3):e9434. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(1):30–42. CrossRefPubMed

Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, Vanhanen H, Vartiainen E. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(20):1308–12. CrossRefPubMed

Weingartner O, Lutjohann D, Ji S, Weisshoff N, List F, Sudhop T, et al. Vascular effects of diet supplementation with plant sterols. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(16):1553–61. CrossRefPubMed

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Faulkner DA, Wong JM, de Souza R, et al. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C‑reactive protein. JAMA. 2003;290(4):502–10. CrossRefPubMed

Obarzanek E, Sacks FM, Vollmer WM, Bray GA, Miller ER 3rd, Lin PH, et al. Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(1):80–9. CrossRefPubMed

Zeppetzauer M, Drexel H, Vonbank A, Rein P, Aczel S, Saely CH. Eccentric endurance exercise economically improves metabolic and inflammatory risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(4):577–84. CrossRefPubMed

Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W, Mohan V, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390(10107):2050–62. CrossRefPubMed

Harvard T.H. Chan, school of public health. PURE study makes headlines, but the conclusions are misleading. 2017. https://​www.​hsph.​harvard.​edu/​nutritionsource/​2017/​09/​08/​pure-study-makes-headlines-but-the-conclusions-are-misleading/​;. Zugegriffen: 10. Dez. 2017.