Therapie der koronaren Dreigefäßerkrankung bei Patienten über 75 Jahren

 

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung | Chronisch-ischämische Herzerkrankungen sind Todesursache Nr. 1 in Deutschland. Der Anteil der ≥ 75-Jährigen beträgt dabei über 80 %. Älteren Patienten kommt aufgrund ihres zunehmenden Bevölkerungsanteils in der medizinischen Versorgung eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. In dieser Arbeit charakterisieren wir Patienten ≥ 75 Jahre mit koronarer Dreigefäßerkrankung und vergleichen verschiedene Therapiestrategien miteinander.

Patienten und Methodik | Retrospektiv wurden die Daten der ≥ 75-jährigen Patienten gesammelt, bei denen in den Jahren 2005 bis 2007 im Klinikum Lippe Detmold mittels Koronarangiografie eine koronare Dreigefäßerkrankung festgestellt wurde. Je nach erhaltener Therapie erfolgte eine Einteilung in eine der folgenden drei Gruppen:

• optimale medikamentöse Therapie (OMT)

• perkutane Koronarintervention (PCI)

• operative Revaskularisierung mit Koronararterien-Bypass (CABG)

Wir ermittelten die Patientencharakteristika sowie die Raten von Überleben und schweren kardialen und zerebrovaskulären Komplikationen (MACCE) im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum. Es wurden Subgruppenanalysen durchgeführt für das akute Koronarsyndrom (ACS) und die stabile koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK).

Ergebnisse | Dokumentiert wurden die Daten von 434 Patienten mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 79 Jahren.

• 139 Patienten (32,0 %) erhielten eine OMT,

• 189 Patienten (43,6 %) eine PCI und

• 106 Patienten (24,4 %) wurden mit CABG behandelt.

Im Gesamtkollektiv gab es keinen signifikanten Unterschied bezogen auf die Mortalität zwischen den drei Therapiegruppen. In der Subgruppe der Patienten mit einem akuten Koronarsyndrom (n = 180) zeigte sich eine signifikant erhöhte Mortalität in der OMT-Gruppe im Vergleich zu den beiden invasiven Therapien (PCI: p = 0,029, CABG: p = 0,045). In der Subgruppe der Patienten mit stabiler KHK (n = 254) zeigten sich keine signifikanten Mortalitätsunterschiede zwischen den drei Therapieformen.

Folgerungen | Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom profitieren auch im hohen Alter von einer interventionellen oder operativen Revaskularisierung. Im Gegensatz dazu stellt bei alten Menschen mit stabiler KHK eine optimale medikamentöse Therapie eine begründete Alternative zur invasiven Therapie ohne Mortalitätsanstieg dar.

Abstract

Background: Chronic ischemic heart disease take the first place in cause of death in Germany. The proportion of patients aged 75 years or older amounts more than 80 %. Due to their growing part of population the medical care of older patients becomes increasingly important. In this investigation patients aged ≥ 75 years with coronary three-vessel disease were characterized and various treatment strategies were compared.

Patients and methods: This analysis was retrospective. The data of patients aged 75 years or older with three-vessel disease diagnosed by coronary angiography at the Klinikum Lippe Detmold between 2005 and 2007 were collected. Depending on the received therapy they were parted in three groups: optimal drug therapy (OMT), interventional – (PCI) and surgical revascularization (CABG). Patient characteristics as well as survival- and MACCE-rates during follow up were ascertained. Subgroup analyzes were performed for acute coronary syndrom (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease( CAD).

Results: The data of 434 patients with an average age of 79 years were documented. 139 (32.0 %) were assigned to the OMT- 189 (43.6 %) to the PCI- and 106 (24.4 %) to the CABG-group. Overall there was no significant difference between the three groups regarding mortality. In the subgroup of patients wit ACS (n = 180) mortality significantly increased in the OMT-group compared to the two invasive therapies (PCI (p = 0.029), CABG (p = 0.045)). The subgroup of patients with stable CAD showed no significant differences in mortality between the three types of therapy.

Conclusions: Older patients benefit from an interventional or surgical revascularization in the context of ACS. In contrast, in elderly with stable CAD optimal medical therapy provides a reasonable alternative to invasive therapy without increase in mortality.

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