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Planta Med 2024; 90(05): 397-410
DOI: 10.1055/a-2270-5527
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers

Chemical Constituents from Agave applanata and Its Antihyperglycemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities Associated with Its Tissue Repair Capability

A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
1   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
,
Mónica Aideé Díaz-Román
1   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
,
Maribel Osorio-García
1   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
,
Myrna Déciga-Campos
2   Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
,
María Yolanda Rios 
1   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
› Author AffiliationsThis research was financially supported by CONACyT (grant CB-2015 – 241 044).
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Abstract

Agave applanata is a Mexican agave whose fresh leaves are employed to prepare an ethanol tonic used to relieve diabetes. It is also applied to skin to relieve varicose and diabetic foot ulcers, including wounds, inflammation, and infections. In this study, the chemical composition of this ethanol tonic is established and its association with antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities is discussed. The fresh leaves of A. applanata were extracted with ethanol : H2O (85 : 15). A fraction of this extract was lyophilized, and the remainder was partitioned into CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water. CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions were subjected to a successive open column chromatography process. The structure of the isolated compounds was established using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated through in vivo sucrose and glucose tolerance experiments, as well as ex vivo intestinal absorption and hepatic production of glucose. Wound healing and edema inhibition were assayed in mice. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hydroalcoholic extract, its fractions, and pure compounds were determined through agar microdilution against the most isolated pathogens from diabetic foot ulcers. Fatty acids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hecogenin (1), N-oleyl-D-glucosamine, β-daucosterol, sucrose, myo-inositol, and hecogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) were characterized. This research provides evidence for the pharmacological importance of A. applanata in maintaining normoglycemia, showing anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial effects against the microorganisms frequently found in diabetic foot ulcers. This plant plays an important role in wound healing and accelerated tissue reparation.

Keywords

Agave applanata - Asparagaceae - antihyperglycemic herb - antihyperglycemic compounds - diabetic treatment - wound healing

Supporting Information

    The 1H, 13C, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra for compounds 1 and 2 can be found online as Supporting Information.

  • Supporting Information


Publication History

Received: 26 July 2023

Accepted after revision: 16 February 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
16 February 2024

Article published online:
12 March 2024

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