Die N400-Komponente im EEG als Marker für Spracherwerb und Wortverarbeitung nach CI-Versorgung

 

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Zusammenfassung

Sprachliche Verarbeitungsprozesse können objektiv gemessen werden, z.B. mithilfe später Komponenten im evozierten Hirnpotenzial. Die etablierteste Komponente in diesem Forschungsbereich ist die N400-Komponente, eine Negativierung mit einem Peak bei frühestens 400ms nach Stimulusbeginn und einem zentro-parietalen Maximum. Sie spiegelt semantische Verarbeitungsprozesse wider. Ihr Vorhandensein sowie ihre zeitliche und quantitative Ausprägung lassen Rückschlüsse auf die Güte der Sprachverarbeitung zu. Somit ist sie geeignet, das Sprachverstehen von besonderen Populationsgruppen zu erfassen, z.B. um den Fortschritt im Sprachverstehen bei Nutzern von Cochlea-Implantaten (CI) zu messen. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die Verwendung der N400-Komponente im Bereich der CI-Forschung gegeben. Es werden Studien mit erwachsenen CI-Nutzern vorgestellt, bei denen die N400 die Qualität des Sprachverstehens mit der elektrischen Stimulation abbildet. Darüber hinaus werden Studien mit CI-versorgten Kindern besprochen, bei denen das Auftreten der N400-Komponente den Erwerb des Wortschatzes reflektiert.

Abstract

Language processing can be measured objectively using late components in the evoked brain potential. The most established component in this area of research is the N400 component, a negativity that peaks at about 400 ms after stimulus onset with a centro-parietal maximum. It reflects semantic processing. Its presence, as well as its temporal and quantitative expression, allows to conclude about the quality of processing. It is therefore suitable for measuring speech comprehension in special populations, such as cochlear implant (CI) users. The following is an overview of the use of the N400 component as a tool for studying language processes in CI users. We present studies with adult CI users, where the N400 reflects the quality of speech comprehension with the new hearing device and we present studies with children where the emergence of the N400 component reflects the acquisition of their very first vocabulary.

Publication History

Received: 30 August 2023

Accepted after revision: 27 December 2023

Article published online:
02 April 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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