Achtsamkeitsbasierte Therapieverfahren bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)
Abstract
Es wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu achtsamkeitsbasierten Ansätzen in der Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- und Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) gegeben. Achtsamkeit kann als eine Form der Aufmerksamkeit verstanden werden, die durch eine Bewusstheit der momentanen Erlebensvorgänge charakterisiert ist und üblicherweise durch die Praxis der Meditation vermittelt wird. Die Literaturrecherche zeigt, dass Achtsamkeitstrainings mit einer Verbesserung von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen und Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten zusammenhängen und damit solche Fähigkeiten fördern, mit denen ADHS-Betroffene Schwierigkeiten haben. Auch wenn bislang nur wenige Wirksamkeitsstudien von Achtsamkeitstrainings bei ADHS existieren und viele Untersuchungen methodische Mängel aufweisen, legen die ersten Ergebnisse nahe, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte Ansätze bei der ADHS-Therapie hilfreich sind.
This paper reviews the current literature on mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mindfulness means paying attention and being aware of the experiences occurring in the present moment, and it is usually developed by the practice of meditation. Research shows that mindfulness training is associated with improved attention systems and self-regulation, and that it therefore fosters those skills that are underdeveloped in individuals with ADHD. Although only few studies have investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness training in ADHD (many of which showing methodological limitations), the findings do suggest that mindfulness may be useful in ADHD interventions.
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