Traumata und Traumafolgestörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen - eine kritische Übersicht zu Klassifikation und diagnostischen Kriterien
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: In den letzten Jahren werden der Traumabegriff und einzelne Kriterien der in ICD-10 und DSM-IV definierten Traumafolgestörungen kritisch diskutiert. Dabei wird die Kategorie der akuten Belastungsstörung vor allem wegen der Überbetonung dissoziativer Symptome und der Pathologisierung normaler Traumareaktionen gänzlich in Frage gestellt, während die Kriterien der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung insbesondere für das Kindes- und Jugendalter der Revision bedürfen. Spezifische Kriterien für das Kindesalter wurden von Scheeringas Arbeitsgruppe definiert. Zudem schlägt die amerikanischen «Complex Trauma Taskforce» des National Child Traumatic Stress Network die Diagnosekategorie der Entwicklungstraumastörung vor, um die Probleme von früh und komplex traumatisierten Kindern besser zu erfassen.
Summary: In recent years, the definitions of trauma and individual criteria of posttraumatic disorders as defined in ICD-10 and DSM-IV have been critically discussed. The category of acute stress disorder is questioned due to an over-emphasis on dissociative symptoms and a pathologizing of normal reactions after trauma. The criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, especially those with regard to childhood and adolescence, need revision. Scheeringa and co-workers have since defined PTSD-criteria that are more suitable and specific for posttraumatic reactions and disorders in toddlers and children. Moreover, the “Complex Trauma Taskforce” of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network proposes a diagnosis called «Developmental Trauma Disorder» to better capture the problems of children suffering from early and complex traumata.
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