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Übersichtsartikel

Die Bedeutung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen bei depressiven Patienten

Published Online:June 15, 2016https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000174

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Beeinträchtigungen der Exekutivfunktionen, der Aufmerksamkeit und des Gedächtnisses sind einige der häufigsten und hartnäckigsten Symptome depressiver Störungen. Bisher konnte allerdings kein eindeutiges Profil dieser Defizite identifiziert werden, wahrscheinlich auch deshalb, weil die Defizite von verschiedenen klinischen und demografischen Faktoren, wie dem Depressionssubtypus, Grübeln, Komorbiditäten und Alter beeinflusst werden. Die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen verbessern sich mit der Remission der Störung, häufig findet jedoch keine vollständige Rückbildung statt. Sie sind klinisch sehr relevant und gehen einher mit Suizidalität, reduzierten Therapieeffekten und negativen Auswirkungen auf Alltagsaktivitäten. Aus diesen Gründen ergibt sich für betroffene Patienten die Notwendigkeit einer neuropsychologischen Behandlung. Erste Ergebnisse lassen hoffen, dass die kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen mithilfe neuropsychologischer Therapie, Achtsamkeitstraining, psychopharmakologischer Therapie und weiteren neurobiologischen Behandlungen, wie z. B. der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation, erfolgreich behandelt werden können.


The Significance of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Depression

Abstract. Impairments in the domains of executive functions, attention and memory are among the most common and persistent symptoms of depressive disorders. A definite profile of these impairments has yet not been identified possibly due to the fact that cognitive performance is influenced by several clinical and demographic factors, e. g. depression subtype, rumination, comorbidity and age. Impairments improve with remission but do often not reverse completely. They have an important clinical impact and are positively related to suicidality, poor treatment response, and reduced everyday functioning. Therefore, effective treatment is needed. First results raise hope that cognitive impairment in depression is successfully treatable with neuropsychological therapy, training of mindfulness, specific antidepressants, and new neurobiological treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnet stimulation.

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