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Pollenassoziierte Nahrungsmittelallergien

Pollen-related food allergy

  • Leitthema: Lebensmittel und Allergie
  • Published:
Ernährung - Wissenschaft und Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Die pollenassoziierte Nahrungsmittelallergie beruht auf einer Struktur- und Sequenzähnlichkeit allergener Proteine in Pollen und pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln. Die primäre IgE-Antwort richtet sich bei betroffenen Patienten in der Regel primär gegen Epitope auf Pollenproteinen mit sekundärer Erkennung homologer Epitope auf Nahrungsmittelallergenen. So leiden z. B. in Zentral- und Nordeuropa bis zu 80% der Birkenpollenallergiker gleichzeitig unter einer Nahrungsmittelallergie insbesondere gegen Stein- und Kernobst sowie gegen verschiedene Nüsse und Gemüse. Die Hauptmanifestation der pollenassoziierten Nahrungsmittelallergie ist das orale Allergiesyndrom, eine Kontakturtikaria der Mundschleimhaut. Neben der Kontakturtikaria insbesondere der Hände bei Berührung der allergenen Nahrungsmittel entwickeln Patienten mit pollenassoziierter Nahrungsmittelallergie bei deren Einnahme v. a. generalisierte Urtikaria und Angioödeme als kutane Symptome. Der Einfluss einer pollenassoziierten Nahrungsmittelallergie auf die Ausprägung und den Verlauf des atopischen Ekzems ist bis heute noch nicht definitiv geklärt.

Abstract

The molecular basis of pollen-related food allergy is the marked similarity in sequence and structure of allergenic proteins in pollens and food plants. In affected patients, specific IgE antibodies are primarily directed against pollen allergens but then recognize homologous allergens in plant food. In Central and Northern Europe up to 80% of birch pollen allergic subjects suffer from a food allergy, in particular to stone- and pip fruits, nuts and vegetables. The main clinical manifestation of pollen-related food allergy is the oral allergy syndrome (OAS), a contact urticaria of the oral mucosa. Other features include contact urticaria of the hands in those handling the foods, as well as generalized urticaria and angioedema following ingestion. The impact of pollen-related food allergy on the severity and course of atopic eczema remain to be elucidated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allergiestation, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich

    B. K. Ballmer-Weber

  2. Allergiestation und Epikutanlabor, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Gloriastraße 31, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz

    B. K. Ballmer-Weber

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Correspondence to B. K. Ballmer-Weber.

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Aktualisierte und bearbeitete Fassung des Beitrags: Ballmer-Weber BK (2006) Kutane Symptome nach Genuss pollenassoziierter Nahrungsmittel. Hautarzt 57: 108–115

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Ballmer-Weber, B.K. Pollenassoziierte Nahrungsmittelallergien. Ernährung 2, 10–15 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12082-007-0119-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12082-007-0119-y

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