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Aktuelle Entwicklungslinien in der Persönlichkeitsforschung im Jugendalter

Recent developmental pathways in personality research in adolescence

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Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Persönlichkeitsstörungen (PS) im Jugendalter sind immer noch eine kontrovers diskutierte Thematik. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die aktuellen Entwicklungslinien in der Persönlichkeitsforschung im Jugendalter darzustellen sowie Perspektiven in Forschung und Diagnostik zu skizzieren. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass PS im Jugendalter mittels der für Erwachsene entwickelten Instrumente zuverlässig erfasst werden können und diagnostiziert werden sollten. Zugleich fehlt es noch an spezifischen Instrumenten, welche die Besonderheiten von PS im Jugendalter abbilden und von Adoleszenzkrisen differenzieren können. Da einige PS-Merkmale gleichzeitig auch passagere Entwicklungsmerkmale darstellen, wird auf diese Differenzialdiagnose ausführlich eingegangen.

Die Prävalenz von PS scheint im Jugendalter höher als im Erwachsenenalter zu liegen. Die Stabilität von PS hingegen ist im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter vergleichbar. Die „psychopathy“ als Subform der antisozialen PS, die auch bei Jugendlichen zu finden ist, wird hinsichtlich Kern- und Verhaltensdimensionen sowie eines primären und sekundären Subtypus diskutiert. Außerdem wird auf die forensischen Aspekte bei der Beurteilung von PS bezüglich Schuldfähigkeit im Jugendalter eingegangen.

Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass es noch weiterer diagnostischer Langzeitstudien bedarf, um zu klären, unter welchen Bedingungen PS manifest werden, welche Faktoren ihren Verlauf beeinflussen und wie sie sich durch Interventionen verändern lassen.

Abstract

Personality disorders in juveniles are still a controversially discussed topic. The aim of this paper is to describe the recent trend in personality research in adolescence and to outline perspectives in research and assessment. Recent study results have pointed out that personality disorders in juveniles can be reliably assessed with diagnostic instruments that have been developed for adults. At the same time there is a lack of specific instruments that can represent the characteristics during adolescence and that can differentiate personality disorders from youth crises. As some personality disorder dimensions also describe unstable developmental criteria we will focus separately on this differential diagnosis and meaning of stable versus transient personality characteristics in youth.

The prevalence of personality disorders seems to be higher in adolescence than in adulthood. The stability, however, is comparable in adolescence and adulthood. Psychopathy as a subtype of the antisocial personality disorder – that can also be assessed in juveniles – will be discussed regarding its core and behavioral dimensions as well as primary and secondary subtypes. Furthermore, we discuss forensic issues when assessing personality disorders with respect to criminal responsibility.

Overall we can show that more diagnostic longitudinal studies are essential in order to clarify under which conditions personality disorders develop, which factors influence its course and which interventions can change them.

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Notes

  1. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.

  2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

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    Kathrin Sevecke & Maya K. Krischer

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Sevecke, K., Krischer, M. Aktuelle Entwicklungslinien in der Persönlichkeitsforschung im Jugendalter. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 5, 154–164 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-011-0116-5

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