Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

IFSO-APC Consensus Statements 2011

  • Guidelines
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Associations of BMI with body composition and health outcomes may differ between Asian and European populations. Asian populations have also been shown to have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia at a relatively low level of BMI. New surgical indication for Asian patients should be discussed by the expert of this field. Forty-four bariatric experts in Asia-Pacific and other regions were chosen to have a voting privilege for IFSO-APC Consensus at the 2nd IFSO-APC Congress. A computerized audience-response voting system was used to analyze the agreement with the sentence of the consensus. Of all delegates, 95% agreed with the necessity of the establishment of IFSO-APC consensus statements, and 98% agreed with the necessity of a new indication for Asian patients.

IFSO-APC Consensus statements 2011

  • Bariatric surgery should be considered for the treatment of obesity for acceptable Asian candidates with BMI ≥ 35 with or without co-morbidities

  • Bariatric/GI metabolic surgery should be considered for the treatment of T2DM or metabolic syndrome for patients who are inadequately controlled by lifestyle alternations and medical treatment for acceptable Asian candidates with BMI ≥ 30

  • The surgical approach may be considered as a non-primary alternative to treat inadequately controlled T2DM, or metabolic syndrome, for suitable Asian candidates with BMI ≥ 27.5.

Other eight sentences are agreed with by majority of the voting delegates to form IFSO-APC consensus statements. This will help to make safe and wholesome the progress of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Asia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abelson P, Kennedy D. The obesity epidemic. Science. 2004;304:1413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet. 2005;366:1197–209.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115(12):956–61.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lakdawara M, Bhasker A, Asian Consensus meeting on Metabolic Surgery (ACMOMS), Report: Asian Consensus Meeting on Metabolic Surgery. Recommendations for the use of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Metabolic Surgery for Treatment of Obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Asian Population: August 9th and 10th, 2008, Trivandrum, India. Obes Surg. 2010;20(7):929–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee WJ, Wang W. Bariatric surgery: Asia-Pacific perspective. Obes Surg. 2005;15:751–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rubino F, Kaplan LM, Schauer PR, et al. The Diabetes Surgery Summit consensus conference: recommendations for the evaluation and use of gastrointestinal surgery to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg. 2010;251(3):399–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Yoon KH, Lee JH, Kim JW, et al. Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. Lancet. 2006;368(9548):1681–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. J Am Med Assoc. 2010;303(3):235–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Griffiths PL, Bentley ME. The nutrition transition is underway in India. J Nutr. 2001;131(10):2692–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas, 4th edition, 2009.

  12. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vijay V. Temporal changes in prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in urban southern India. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002;58(1):55–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Parizkova J, Chin MK, Chia M, et al. An international perspective on obesity, health and physical activity: current trends and challenges in China and Asia. J of Exerc Sci and Fit. 2007;5(1):7–23.

    Google Scholar 

  14. World Health Organization, “Report of a joint WHO/FAO Expert. Consultation. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases,” WHO technical report series No. 916, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who TRS 916.pdf.

  15. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Kapur A, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia. 2001;44(9):1094–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Snehalatha C, Viswanathan V, Ramachandran A. Cut-off values for normal anthropometric variables in Asian Indian adults. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(5):1380–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Misra A, Pandey RM, Devi JR, et al. High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India. Int J Obes. 2001;25(11):1722–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chandalia M, Abate N, Garg A, et al. Relationship between generalized and upper body obesity to insulin resistance in Asian Indian men. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1999;84(7):2329–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Report of WHO Consultation, “Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic,” World Health Organization—Technical Report Series, no. 894, pp. 1–253, 2000.

  20. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J, et al. Metabolic syndrome—a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med. 2006;23(5):469–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C. Current scenario of diabetes in India. J Diabetes. 2009;1:18–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Raji A, Seely EW, Arky RA, et al. Body fat distribution and insulin resistance in healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2001;86(11):5366–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yajnik CS, Lubree HG, Rege SS, et al. Adiposity and hyperinsulinemia in Indians are present at birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2002;87(12):5575–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gill T. Young people with diabetes and obesity in Asia: a growing epidemic. Diabetes Voice. 2007;52:20–2.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Yamuna A, et al. Insulin resistance and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in urban teenagers in Southern India. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1828–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, et al. Association between body mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(8):719–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, et al. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1047–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 3rd ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chan JCN, Malik V, Jia W, et al. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. JAMA. 2009;301(20):2129–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gu D, Reynolds K, Duan X, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA). Diabetologia. 2003;46(9):1190–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jia WP, Pang C, Chen L, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in a Chinese adult population: the Shanghai Diabetes Studies, a cross-sectional 3-year follow-up study in Shanghai urban communities. Diabetologia. 2007;50(2):286–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wong KC, Wang Z. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus of Chinese populations in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006;73(2):126–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ramachandran A. Epidemiology of diabetes in India—three decades of research. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:34–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ramachandran A, Mary S, Yamuna A, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in India. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):893–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Huxley R, James WP, Barzi F, et al. Obesity in Asia Collaboration. Ethnic comparisons of the cross-sectional relationships between measures of body size with diabetes and hypertension. Obes Rev. 2008;9 suppl 1:53–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Aekplakorn W, Bunnag P, Woodward M, et al. A risk score for predicting incident diabetes in the Thai population. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(8):1872–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ma RCW, Ko GT, Chan JC. Health hazards of obesity—an overview. In: Williams G, Frubeck G, editors. Obesity: Science to Practice. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2009. p. 215–36.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Nakagami T, Qiao Q, Carstensen B, et al. Age, body mass index and type 2 diabetes—associations modified by ethnicity. Diabetologia. 2003;46(8):1063–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Guricci S. Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/body fat per cent relationship. Obes Rev. 2002;3(3):141–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Reynolds K, Gu D, Whelton PK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in China. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(1):10–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Balkau B, Deanfield JE, Despres JP, et al. International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardio- vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries. Circulation. 2007;116(17):1942–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, et al. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation differs according to ethnic background: results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):353–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Liu KH, Chan Y, Chan W, et al. Mesenteric fat thickness is an independent determinant of metabolic syndrome and identifies subjects with increased carotid intimamedia thickness. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(2):379–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Cheung BM, Wat NM, Man YB, et al. Development of diabetes in Chinese with the metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(6):1430–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Mak KH, Ma S, Heng D, et al. Impact of sex, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(2):227–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Thomas GN, Schooling CM, McGhee SM, et al. Metabolic syndrome increases all-cause and vascular mortality: the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(5):666–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang X, Shu XO, Yang G, et al. Abdominal adiposity and mortality in Chinese women. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(9):886–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kadowaki T, Miyake Y, Hagura R, et al. Risk factors for worsening to diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetologia. 1984;26(1):44–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fukushima M, Usami M, Ikeda M, et al. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity at different stages of glucose tolerance: a cross-sectional study of Japanese type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2004;53(7):831–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuroe A, Fukushima M, Usami M, et al. Impaired beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003;59(1):71–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Chan WB, Tong PCY, Chow CC, et al. The associations of body mass index, C peptide and metabolic status in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2004;21(4):349–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, et al. Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(4):465–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Veena SR, Geetha S, Leary SD, et al. Relationships of maternal and paternal birthweights to features of the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring: an inter-generational study in South India. Diabetologia. 2007;50(1):43–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Karter AJ, Ferrara A, Liu J, et al. Ethnic disparities in diabetic complications in an insured population. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2519–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Yokoyama H, Okudaira M, Otani T, et al. High incidence of diabetic nephropathy in early onset Japanese NIDDM patients: risk analysis. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(7):1080–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dixon JB, Zimmet P, Alberti KG, et al. Bariatric surgery: an IDF statement for obese Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011;28(6):628–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. 2004 ASBS Consensus Conference on Surgery for Severe Obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2005;1(3):297–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Clinical Issues Committee of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Updated position statement on sleeve gastrectomy as a bariatric procedure. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(1):1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Kasama K, Seki Y, Tagaya N, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with duodenojejunal bypass: technique and preliminary results. Obes Surg. 2009;19(10):1341–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kumar KV, Ugale S, Gupta N, et al. Ileal interposition with sleeve gastrectomy for control of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11(12):785–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Huang CK, Lo CH, Shabbir A, et al. Novel bariatric technology: laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication: technique and preliminary results. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;8:41–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Karl Miller (Austria), Ken Loi, Leon Cohen (Austlaria), Joel Faintuch, Nilton Kawahara (Brazil), Shashank Shah, Surendra Ugale, Ramen Goel, Sanjay Borude, Praveen Raj, Jayashree Todkar (India), Barlian Sutedja (Indonesia), Masayuki Ohta, Susumu Inamine (Japan), Hong Chan Lee, Kyung Yul Hur, Sang Kuon Lee, Sang Moon Han (Korea), Chin Kin Fah (Malaysia), Hildegardes C Dineros (Philippine), Sultan Al Temyatt (Saudi Arabia), Davide Lomanto, Jimmy So, Shanker Pasupathy (Singapore), Weu Wang, Chih-Kun Huang (Taiwan), Suthep Udomsawaengsup, Paisal Pongchairerks, Apichai Chaiyaroj (Thailand), Alper Celic (Turkey), Michel Gagner (Canada), and Sayeed Ikramuddin (USA)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazunori Kasama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kasama, K., Mui, W., Lee, W.J. et al. IFSO-APC Consensus Statements 2011. OBES SURG 22, 677–684 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0610-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0610-7

Keywords

Navigation