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Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

  • DDG Praxisempfehlungen
  • Published:
Der Diabetologe Aims and scope

An Erratum to this article was published on 23 July 2021

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Abbreviations

μg:

Mikrogramm

ABCC8-Gen:

Genlokalisation für den Sulfonylharnstoffrezeptor 1

ACE:

„Angiotensin-converting enzyme“ (angiotensinkonvertierendes Enzym)

ACR:

„Albumine–creatinine ratio“ (Albumin-Kreatinin-Verhältnis)

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

ADHS:

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- und Hyperaktivitätssyndrom

AER:

Albuminexkretionsrate

AGA:

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Adipositas

AGPD:

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Diabetologie

AHCPR:

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research

AIHA:

„Autoimmune hemolytic anemia“

Ak:

Antikörper

ALAT:

Alaninaminotransferase (Leberenzym)

APS:

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Stoffwechselstörungen

APS:

Autoimmunes polyglanduläres Syndrom

AT-1-Blocker:

Angiotensin-Typ-1-Rezeptor-Blocker

AWMF:

Arbeitsgemeinschaft der wissenschaftlichen medizinischen Fachgesellschaften

BABYDIAB:

German BabyDiab study (deutsche Babydiabetesstudie)

BAR:

Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation

BdKJ:

Bund diabetischer Kinder und Jugendlicher

BG:

Blutglukose

BMI:

Body-Mass-Index

BMI-SDS:

Body mass index standard deviation score (standardisierter Body-Mass-Index)

BZ:

Blutzucker

CFRD:

„Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes“ (Diabetes bei zystischer Fibrose)

CGM:

„Continuous glucose monitoring“

CK:

Kreatinkinase

C‑Peptid:

„Connecting peptide“ (verbindendes Peptid; Teil des Proinsulins)

CSII:

„Continous subcutanous insulin injection“ (kontinuierliche subkutane Insulininjektion [Insulinpumpe])

CT:

Computertomographie

DAG:

Deutsche Adipositas Gesellschaft

DAISY:

Diabetes autoimmunity study of the young (Autoimmunitätsstudie für Jugendliche mit Diabetes)

DCC-Trial:

Diabetes control and complications trial (Studie zur Kontrolle und Komplikationen von Diabetes)

DDG:

Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft

DEND:

„Diabetes epilepsy and neurological delay“ (genetisch bedingtes Syndrom mit Diabetes, Epilepsie und neurologischer Entwicklungsstörung)

DENIS:

Deutsche Nikotinamidinterventionsstudie

DEPS‑R:

Diabetes eating problem survey – revised

DGE:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung

DGEM:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin

DGKJP:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie

diab.:

Diabetisch

DiabetesDE:

Diabetes Deutschland

DIAMYD:

Diamyd®-Studie

DIPP:

Diabetes prediction and prevention project (Diabetesprädiktions- und -präventionsprojekt)

DKA:

Diabetische Ketoazidose

dl:

Deziliter

DNSG:

Diabetes and nutrition study group (Studiengruppe Diabetes und Ernährung)

DPT‑1:

Diabetes prevention trial – type 1 (Typ-1-Diabetes-Präventionsstudie)

DPV:

Diabetespatientenverwaltung (Dokumentationssystem)

EASD:

European Association for the Study of Diabetes (europäische Vereinigung für die Erforschung des Diabetes)

EDIC-Trial:

Epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications trial (Studie zur Epidemiologie von diabetesbezogenen Interventionen und Komplikationen; Nachfolgestudie des DCC-Trials)

EIF2AK3-Gen:

Genort für Mutationen, die zu einem genetischen Syndrom mit Diabetes führen

EK:

Evidenzklasse (methodische Güte einer Studie nach Kriterien der evidenzbasierten Medizin)

EKG:

Elektrokardiogramm

EMA:

European Medicines Agency (europäische Arzneimittelagentur)

ENDIT:

European nicotinamide intervention trial (europäische Nikotinamidinterventionsstudie)

ES:

„Educational support“ (therapeutische Unterstützung bei der Erziehung)

ethn.:

Ethnisch(e)

fam.:

Familiär

FES:

Family environment scale (Familienbewertungsskala: Skala zur Bewertung der sozialen Charakteristika und des Umfelds von Familien)

FOXP3-Gen:

Genort für Mutationen, die zu genetischen Syndromen mit Diabetes führen

FST‑D:

Familiensystemtherapie für Patienten mit Diabetes

fT3 :

Freies Trijodthyronin

fT4 :

Freies Thyroxin

g:

Gramm

GAD:

Glutamatdekarboxylase

GCK:

Glukokinase

h:

„Hour“ (Stunde)

HbA1c :

Glykiertes Hämoglobin

HDL:

„High-density lipoprotein“ (Lipoprotein hoher Dichte)

HHS:

Hyperglykämisches hyperosmolares Syndrom

HLA:

Humanes Leukozytenantigen

HNF:

„Hepatocyte nuclear factor“

HTA:

„Health technology assessment“ (Medizintechnikfolgenabschätzung: systematische Bewertung medizinischer Technologien, Prozeduren und Hilfsmittel, aber auch Organisationsstrukturen, in denen medizinische Leistungen erbracht werden)

I. E.:

Internationale Einheit(en)

i.m.:

Intramuskulär

i.v.:

Intravenös

IA2:

Thyrosinphosphatase-IA2-Antikörper

IAA:

Insulinautoantikörper

ICA:

Inselzellantikörper

ICT:

„Intensified conventional therapy“ (intensivierte konventionelle Insulintherapie)

IgA:

Immunglobulin A

IgG:

Immunglobulin G

INS :

Insulin(gen)

IPEX-Syndrom:

„Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X‑linked syndrome“ (X-chromosomal vererbtes Syndrom mit Enteropathie, Polyendokrinopathie und Immundysregulation)

IPF‑1-Gen:

Insulinpromotorfaktor-1-Gen (Genort für Mutationen, die zu MODY-4-Diabetes führen)

IRMA:

Intraretinale mikrovaskuläre Anomalie

ISPAD:

„International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes“ (internationale Gesellschaft für Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter)

ITP:

„Immune thrombocytopenic purpura“

J:

Jahre

k. A.:

Keine Angaben

kcal:

„Kilocalories“ (Kilokalorien)

KCNJ11:

Einwärts gerichteter Kaliumkanal, Subfamilie J, Nummer 11

kg:

Kilogramm

KG:

Körpergewicht

Kir6.2 :

Genlokalisation für KCNJ11

KJHG:

Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz

l:

Liter

LDL:

„Low-density lipoprotein“ (Lipoprotein niedriger Dichte)

LGS:

„Low-glucose suspend“

m2 :

Quadratmeter

max.:

Maximal

mg:

Milligramm

Mikro:

Mikroalbuminurie

mind.:

Mindestens

mittl.:

Mittler(e/s)

MJ:

Megajoule

ml:

Milliliter

mm:

Millimeter

mm Hg:

Millimeter Quecksilbersäule (Maß zur Messung des Blutdrucks)

mmol:

Millimol

Mo:

Monat(e)

MODY:

„Maturity onset diabetes of the young“ (Erwachsenendiabetes bei Jugendlichen [monogenetisch bedingter Diabetes])

MRT:

Magnetresonanztomographie

n :

„Number“ (Anzahl)

NaCl:

Natriumchlorid

NDM:

Neonataler Diabetes mellitus

NLG:

Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit

NPH-Insulin:

Neutrales Protamin-Hagedorn-Insulin

NYHA:

New York Heart Association (Klassifikationssystem der „New York Heart Association“ für den Schweregrad einer Herzinsuffizienz)

oGTT:

Oraler Glukosetoleranztest

p :

p-Wert (Überschreitungswahrscheinlichkeit, statistische Angabe)

PAL-Wert:

„Physical activity level“ (Wert zur Messung des körperlichen Leistungsumsatzes)

Pat.:

Patient(en)

pCO2:

Arterieller Kohlendioxidpartialdruck

pH:

„Potentia hydrogenii“ (Wirksamkeit des Wasserstoffs: negativer dekadischer Logarithmus der Wasserstoffionenaktivität, Maß für Säure eines Mediums)

PLGM:

„Predictive low-glucose management“

PNDM:

Permanenter neonataler Diabetes mellitus

RCT:

„Randomized controlled trial“ (randomisierte kontrollierte Studie)

RR:

Riva Rocci (arterieller Blutdruck, gemessen nach der Methode von Riva Rocci)

s.c.:

Subkutan

SC:

„Standard care“ (Standardbehandlung)

SEARCH:

Search for diabetes in the youth study (Studien zur Identifizierung von Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen)

SGB:

Strafgesetzbuch

SIGN:

Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network

sign.:

Signifikant(e)

SSRI:

„Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor“ (selektiver Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer)

STIKO:

Ständige Impfkommission der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

SuP:

Sensorunterstützte Insulinpumpentherapie

SUR 1:

„Sulphonyl urea receptor 1“ (Sulfonylharnstoffrezeptor 1)

SuT:

Sensorunterstützte Insulintherapie

T3 :

Trijodthyronin

T4 :

Thyroxin

tägl.:

Täglich

tTG‑A:

Gewebstransglutaminaseantikörper

Tg-Ak:

Thyreoglobulinantikörper

TNDM:

Transienter neonataler Diabetes mellitus

TPO-Ak:

Thyroidperoxidaseantikörper

TRAK:

TSH-Rezeptor-Autoantikörper

TRIGR:

Trial to reduce IDDM in the genetically at the risk (Studie zur Reduktion von Diabetes mellitus durch Immundefizienz bei genetischem Risiko)

TSH:

Thyroidstimulierendes Hormon/Thyrotropin

U:

Unit (Einheit)

UK:

United Kingdom

v. a.:

Vor allem

Vs.:

Versus

WHO:

World Health Organization (Weltgesundheitsorganisation)

Z. n.:

Zustand nach

ZNS:

Zentrales Nervensystem

ZnT8:

Zinktransporter 8

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Andreas Neu & Roland Schweizer

  2. Diabeteszentrum, Bund diabetischer Kinder und Jugendlicher e. V., Kaiserslautern, Deutschland

    Jutta Bürger-Büsing

  3. Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Deutschland

    Thomas Danne & Olga Kordonouri

  4. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    Axel Dost

  5. Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Martin Holder

  6. Institut für Epidemiologie und medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    Reinhard W. Holl

  7. Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland

    Paul-Martin Holterhus

  8. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20–22, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Thomas Kapellen

  9. Sektion Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    Beate Karges

  10. Medizinische Psychologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    Karin Lange

  11. Praxis für Ernährungsberatung, Ennepetal, Deutschland

    Susanne Müller

  12. Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Klemens Raile & Susanna Wiegand

  13. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland

    Simone von Sengbusch

  14. Fachklinik Sylt für Kinder und Jugendliche, Westerland, Deutschland

    Rainer Stachow

  15. Gemeinschaftspraxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Rostock, Deutschland

    Verena Wagner

  16. Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Diabetologische Schwerpunktpraxis, Münster, Deutschland

    Ralph Ziegler

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Die Interessenkonflikte aller Mitglieder der Leitliniengruppe sind in der Langfassung der Leitlinie (Tab. 32) ausführlich dargelegt.

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Dieser Beitrag wurde erstpubliziert in Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel (2020) 15 (Suppl 1): S51–64, https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1193-3781. Nachdruck mit freundl. Genehmigung von Georg Thieme Verlag KG. Die Urheberrechte liegen bei den Autoren. PD Dr. med. Thomas Kapellen ist Sprecher der AGPD.

Die Originalversion dieses Artikels wurde korrigiert. Im Beitrag wurde im Literaturverzeichnis unter den Nummern 27., 53., 78., 105., 128., 153., 177., 202., 227., 254., 279., 306., 331., 359., 382., 404., 430., 458., 482., 509., 533., 560., 585., 610., 636. und 649. die jeweiligen Literaturquellen fehlerhaft dargestellt.

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Neu, A., Bürger-Büsing, J., Danne, T. et al. Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Diabetologe 17, 557–584 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-021-00769-1

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