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Positionspapier zur Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten in Notaufnahmen in Deutschland

Consensus for the identification of geriatric patients in the emergency care setting in Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Die Wirksamkeit geriatrischer Therapiekonzepte für die stationäre Behandlung älterer, geriatrischer Patienten, basierend auf dem umfassenden geriatrischen Assessment und einem darauf zugeschnittenen Behandlungsplan, ist belegt. Darum rückt in der klinischen Versorgung älterer Menschen das Problem der zeitgerechten und zuverlässigen Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten, die ungeplant und als Notfälle in ein Krankenhaus eingeliefert werden, in den Blickpunkt. Einen einheitlichen Standard zur Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten gibt es für Deutschland bisher nicht.

Die drei Gesellschaften Bundesverband Geriatrie (BVG) e. V., Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (DGGG) e. V. und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) e. V. haben ein gemeinsames Positionspapier zur Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten in der Notaufnahme in Deutschland erarbeitet. Grundlage dafür ist die Sichtung und Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz zu drei möglichen Ansätzen: Prognose-Indices, umfassendes geriatrisches Assessment, Screening-Instrumente. Die Empfehlungen wurden auf Basis der vorliegenden Evidenz, aber auch unter Berücksichtigung von Aspekten, wie Übertragbarkeit der Evidenz auf deutsche Verhältnisse und Praktikabilität, in einem informellen Konsensprozess erarbeitet.

Die drei Empfehlungen sind: 1. Prognoseindizes sind als alleiniges oder wesentliches Maß ungeeignet, den komplexen Handlungsbedarf bei geriatrischen Patienten aufzuzeigen, und werden darum nicht empfohlen. 2. Das umfassende geriatrische Assessment ist gut etabliert und wirksam, aber zu aufwendig, um bei einer größeren Anzahl von Patienten in der Notaufnahme angewendet zu werden. Es wird für Fälle empfohlen, in denen auf Basis von Screeninginstrumenten oder anderen Erwägungen eine Zuordnung des Patienten nicht eindeutig erfolgen kann. 3. Von den vorhandenen Screeninginstrumenten ist das Instrument ISAR (Identification of Seniors at Risk) am besten evaluiert und erscheint für die Anwendung in Deutschland geeignet. Die Adaptation des ISAR-Instruments sowie dessen Anwendung werden dort empfohlen, wo nicht bereits andere Instrumente angewendet werden oder eine direkte Beurteilung über einen Geriater erfolgt.

Abstract

For the treatment of geriatric inpatients, the efficacy of a multimodal geriatric intervention based on findings of a comprehensive geriatric assessment has well been established. Therefore, the focus of elderly inpatient care switched to the identification of geriatric patients who have unintended or unscheduled contact to an accident and emergency department. In Germany, a uniform standard on how to correctly identify geriatric patients in such settings has yet to be established.

Three medical societies, the Federal Association of Geriatrics (“Bundesverband Geriatrie”, BVG), the German Society for Gerontology and Geriatrics (“Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gerontologie und Geriatrie”, DGGG) and the German Geriatrics Society (“Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geriatrie”, DGG) have reached a consensus on tools and instruments for the identification of geriatric patients in the emergency care setting. Basis of the consensus were the existing scientific evidence and further considerations, especially the applicability of international findings in Germany and feasibility.

Three recommendations are made: (1) The use of prognostic indices is not recommended, as prognostic indices appear to be inappropriate to disclose the complex needs of geriatric patients. (2) Comprehensive geriatric assessment is established and effective, but too complex for use in the emergency setting. It is recommended for cases in which information from screening instruments or other sources does not allow a clear decision. (3) Among screening instruments, the Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) screening tool seems to be well established and suitable for screening purposes in Germany. A German adaption is recommended as well as the implementation in settings where no other tools or geriatric expertise are available.

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Thiem, U., Greuel, H., Reingräber, A. et al. Positionspapier zur Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten in Notaufnahmen in Deutschland. Z Gerontol Geriat 45, 310–314 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-012-0342-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-012-0342-2

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