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Elevated scrotal temperature, but not varicocele grade, reflects testicular oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis

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Abstract

Purpose

Elevation of scrotal temperature has been known as a cause of male infertility but the exact mechanism leading to impaired spermatogenesis is unknown. This work aimed to investigate the role of elevated scrotal temperature, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in testes of infertile males associated with varicocele.

Methods

Thirty-two testicular biopsies from patients with left varicocele who underwent preoperative measurement of scrotal temperature (ΔT), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, and testosterone were included. Generation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-modified proteins and proteolytic fragments of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 detected by Western blotting were examined as markers for oxidative stress and apoptosis, respectively. These expressions were compared with clinical parameters.

Results

Irrespective of varicocele grades, sperm concentration, motility, serum FSH, and testosterone were deteriorated with the increase of ΔT. There was a distinct correlation between generation of 4-HNE-modified proteins and ΔT, indicating a close association between scrotal temperature and oxidative stress. Cleavages of PARP and caspase-3, which appear at 86 and 17 kDa, respectively, were strongly correlated with ΔT and generation of 4-HNE-modified proteins.

Conclusions

Elevation of scrotal temperature is one of the major factors to impair spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in testis with varicocele. This heat stress is shown to be closely associated with oxidative stress, following the apoptosis of germ cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 111 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan

    Koji Shiraishi & Hideyasu Matsuyama

  2. Department of Urology, Onoda City Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Hiroshi Takihara

Authors
  1. Koji Shiraishi
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  2. Hiroshi Takihara
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  3. Hideyasu Matsuyama
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Correspondence to Koji Shiraishi.

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Shiraishi, K., Takihara, H. & Matsuyama, H. Elevated scrotal temperature, but not varicocele grade, reflects testicular oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. World J Urol 28, 359–364 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0462-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0462-5

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