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Treatment Effects of Bisphosphonates and Denosumab on Survival and Refracture from Real-World Data of Hip-Fractured Patients

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Abstract

We examined differences in patients’ survival after hip fracture (HF) and risk for subsequent HF among patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates (oBPs, iBPs), denosumab (DMAB), and patients without therapy. We used data from all patients in Austria aged ≥ 50 who sustained a HF between 2012 and 2017 and were followed for a subsequent HF and all-cause mortality until 2017. Antiosteoporotic treatment-naïve patients, who were incident users of BPs and DMAB, were eligible for propensity score matching 1:1 to obtain comparable user groups. We applied competing risk approach and calculated cumulative incidence functions and subdistribution-hazards for refracture. Cox regression models were applied for mortality risk. A total of 54,145 hip-fractured patients were observed (1919 oBPs; 1870 iBPs; 555 DMAB users; and 42,795 untreated patients were included in the matched sets) and followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 22.6 months (26.2). Patients treated with antiresorptive medications had significantly longer survival time than patients without treatment. Receiving treatment significantly decreased a hazard of dying only for women by 17% for iBPs (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71–0.98, p = 0.023). For DMAB and oBPs, the results were not statistically significant. Higher risk of a subsequent HF was observed in women on DMAB (SHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.08–2.91) and on iBP (SHR 1.81, 95% CI 1.35–2.41), and in men on oBPs (SHR 2.89, 95% CI 1.58–5.30). Patients who were treated with antiresorptive medications after HF had longer survival than patients without treatment, highlighting the importance of initiation of antiresorptive treatment after HF.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the members of the Pharmacoeconomics Advisory Council of the Austrian Sickness Funds for provision of the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of the WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center, 1st Medical Department at Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria

    Martina Behanova, Jochen Zwerina, Klaus Klaushofer & Roland Kocijan

  2. Sickness Fund Burgenland, Burgenländische Gebietskrankenkasse, Siegfried Marcus Straße 5, 7000, Eisenstadt, Austria

    Berthold Reichardt

  3. Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Tanja A. Stamm

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  1. Martina Behanova
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Correspondence to Martina Behanova.

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Conflict of interest

Martina Behanova, Berthold Reichardt, Tanja A Stamm, Jochen Zwerina, Klaus Klaushofer, and Roland Kocijan declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

The research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the City of Vienna (Approval number: EK 18-101-VK). Obtaining informed consent from participants was not applicable as this was a retrospective register-based study and all data were pseudonymized.

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Behanova, M., Reichardt, B., Stamm, T.A. et al. Treatment Effects of Bisphosphonates and Denosumab on Survival and Refracture from Real-World Data of Hip-Fractured Patients. Calcif Tissue Int 105, 630–641 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00611-3

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