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Mental disorders among Somali refugees

Developing culturally appropriate measures and assessing socio-cultural risk factors

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Abstract

Background

There are few mental health data for Somali people. This is due to the absence of culturally validated appropriate assessment instruments and methodological challenges. We aimed to develop a culturally appropriate instrument, and address the methodological challenges and assess some risk factors for mental disorder among Somalis in London.

Methods

Following a comprehensive process of cultural adaptation of the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview, we assessed ICD-10 mental disorders among 143 Somalis recruited from GP registers and community sites. Associations with demographic and economic characteristics, sampling venues, cultural and migration related risk factors are reported.

Results

A higher risk of mental disorders was found among Somalis who used Khat (OR = 10.5, 1.1–98.3) claimed asylum at entry to the UK (OR = 12.8, 2–81.4) and recruits from primary care rather than from community sites (OR = 5.9, 1.4–25.8). A lower risk of mental disorders was found amongst Somalis in employment (OR = 0.03, 0.01–0.61), and those receiving education in the UK and in Somalia (OR = 0.13, 0.02–0.92). Over a third of subjects had any mental disorder (36.4%, 28.4–44.4), mainly common mental disorders (CMD) (33.8%, 26–41.5) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (14%, 8.8–20.8). CMD were found among 80% of those with PTSD.

Conclusion

Public health interventions for Somalis should focus on CMD as well as PTSD, khat use and mental health screening for suicide risk and mental disorders on arrival.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by London Region NHS R&D Project reference no: RCC01924

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Psychiatry Barts & The London Medical School, Charterhouse sq., London, EC1M, UK

    Kamaldeep Bhui, Salaad Mohamud, Nasir Warfa & Stephen A. Stansfeld

  2. GKT School of Medicine (St Thomas Campus), London, UK

    Tom Craig & Nasir Warfa

  3. Health Services Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK

    Graham Thornicroft & Paul McCrone

  4. Centre for Geography, Queen Mary College, London, UK

    Sarah Curtis

Authors
  1. Kamaldeep Bhui
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  2. Tom Craig
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  3. Salaad Mohamud
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  4. Nasir Warfa
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  5. Stephen A. Stansfeld
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  6. Graham Thornicroft
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  7. Sarah Curtis
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  8. Paul McCrone
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Correspondence to Kamaldeep Bhui.

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Bhui, K., Craig, T., Mohamud, S. et al. Mental disorders among Somali refugees. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 41, 400–408 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0043-5

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