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Neue orale Antikoagulanzien

Wer braucht sie wirklich?

New oral anticoagulants

Who really needs them?

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Mit den neuen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAC) steht eine Alternative zu klassischen Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) zur Schlaganfallprävention bei nichtvalvulärem Vorhofflimmern zur Verfügung. In randomisierten Studien wurden im Vergleich zu Warfarin signifikante Verbesserungen bei klinischen Endpunkten dokumentiert, die allerdings insgesamt geringe Effektgrößen hatten. In Studienzentren mit ohnehin gutem Antikoagulationsmanagement war die Überlegenheit kaum nachweisbar. Die Effektivität einer Therapie mit oralen Antikoagulanzien hängt wesentlich von der individuellen Adhärenz ab. NOAC bringen zahlreiche Eigenschaften mit sich, die eine schlechtere Adhärenz bewirken könnten. Dazu zählen u. a. die mehr als 1-mal pro Tag erforderliche Einnahme einiger der verwendeten Substanzen sowie der Wegfall der Gerinnungsmessungen, die als eher adhärenzfördernd anzusehen wären. VKA sind aufgrund ihrer langen Wirkhalbwertszeiten möglicherweise besser geeignet, eine schlechte Adhärenz auszugleichen.

Abstract

The new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are alternative drugs to classical vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. They have been shown in randomized trials to be superior to warfarin in reducing clinical endpoints, although at rather small effect sizes. However, in study centers with good anticoagulation management their superiority was barely significant. The effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy is crucially dependent on individual drug adherence. NOAC potentially decrease adherence due to several reasons, among them the twice-daily dosing requirement in some of them and the nonnecessity for anticoagulation monitoring. Anticoagulation monitoring is assumed to increase adherence per se. VKA are potentially better suitable to compensate for low adherence due to their long half-lives.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. H.K. Berthold gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Berthold, H. Neue orale Antikoagulanzien. Internist 55, 93–102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-013-3409-2

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