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Komplikationen bei Eingriffen am Fettgewebe

Complications of liposuction

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Zusammenfassung

Die Liposuktion ist der am häufigsten operativ ästhetische Eingriff weltweit zur Fettgewebsreduktion und Lipödembehandlung mit steigender Tendenz. Allein in den USA wurden 2010 über 200.000 Eingriffe durchgeführt. Neben rein ästhetischen Indikationen eignet sich die Liposuktion auch zur Behandlung benigner Fettgewebserkrankungen. Es handelt sich hierbei nicht um einen einfachen Eingriff. Vielmehr erfordert die Liposuktionschirurgie umfangreiche Kenntnisse und viel Erfahrung, ansonsten drohen irreversible medizinische oder ästhetische Komplikationen. In der Literatur lassen sich vereinzelt schwerwiegende Komplikationen wie nekrotisierende Fasziitis, „toxic shock syndrome“, Hämorrhagien, Perforation der Bauchorgane und pulmonale Embolien sogar mit Todesfolge finden, die vor allem auf unzureichende Hygienemaßnahmen, Auswahl des falschen Patientenkollektives, Verwendung zu großer Mengen der Tumeszenzlokalanästhesie bei Megaliposuktionen und unzureichende postoperative Überwachung zurückzuführen sind. Die Komplikationsrate ist dabei meist mit der mangelnden medizinischen Erfahrung und technischen Defiziten assoziiert.

Abstract

Liposuction is the most frequent aesthetic procedure worldwide for adipose tissue reduction and treatment of lipedema. It is being employed with increasing frequency. In 2010, in the USA more than 200.000 liposuctions were performed. Apart from aesthetic indications, liposuction also is suitable for treatment of benign adipose tissue diseases. This intervention is not a simple procedure but requires extensive knowledge and experience to prevent irreversible medical or aesthetic complications. Severe complications including necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome, hemorrhage, perforation of inner organs und pulmonary embolism – some even with lethal outcome – occasionally have been reported. These complications were mostly due to inadequate hygiene measures, inappropriate patient selection, use of excessive local anesthesia during mega-liposuction (tumescent technique) and inadequate post-operative surveillance. The complication rate usually reflects a lack of medical experience as well as technical inadequacies.

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  1. Rosenpark Klinik, Heidelberger Landstraße 18-20, 64297, Darmstadt, Deutschland

    G. Sattler & S. Eichner

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  1. G. Sattler
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  2. S. Eichner
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Correspondence to G. Sattler.

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Sattler, G., Eichner, S. Komplikationen bei Eingriffen am Fettgewebe. Hautarzt 64, 171–179 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-012-2487-8

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