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Chirurgische Begutachtung von Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen

Surgical assessment of complications after thyroid gland operations

  • Chirurgie und Recht
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Art, Umfang und technisches Equipment der Schilddrüsenchirurgie haben in Deutschland im vergangenen Jahrzehnt wesentliche Veränderungen erfahren. Die Zahl der Operationen wegen benigner Struma hat abgenommen, die Radikalität mit heute wesentlich häufiger durchgeführter totaler Thyreoidektomie zugenommen. Mit zunehmender Sensibilität gegenüber chirurgischen Komplikationen ist auch die Anzahl von Schadensklagen ansteigend.

Fragestellung

Anders als in Operationsstatistiken spiegeln die Komplikationshäufigkeiten in Schadensfallanalysen in erster Linie die klageauslösende Minderung der Lebensqualität wider. Uni- und bilaterale Stimmlippenparesen sind daher in Schadensfallanalysen im Gegensatz zu Operationsstatistiken führend. Da Leitlinien auf den Einzelfall vielfach nicht anwendbar sind, ist die Frage, welche Kriterien die chirurgische Begutachtung leiten, um der Schwere der im Einzelfall vorliegenden Komplikation bestmöglichst gerecht zu werden.

Ergebnisse

Während in Operationsstatistiken die Hauptkomplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen wie Stimmlippenparesen, Hypoparathyreoidismus, Nachblutung und Infektion in vergleichbarer Häufigkeit (ca. 1–3 %) angegeben werden, dominieren in Schadensanalysen Stimmlippenparesen (50 %) gegenüber Hypokalzämien (15 %), Nachblutungen und Infektionen (jeweils ca. 5 %). Zur Vermeidung bilateraler Stimmlippenparesen kommt dem intraoperativen Neuromonitoring heute ein bedeutender Stellenwert sowohl in der chirurgischen Strategie als auch der chirurgischen Begutachtung zu. Für die gutachterliche Beurteilung des Einzelfalls ist der Nachweis einer risikoorientierten Indikationsstellung, Operationsstrategie und postoperativen Behandlung ausschlaggebend.

Schlussfolgerungen

Da Leitlinien lediglich den Korridor der „good clinical practice“ angegeben, hängt die chirurgische Begutachtung des einzelnen Schadensfalles hinsichtlich der Sorgfalt des chirurgischen Managements und der Kausalität zwischen operativem Vorgehen, Schadensereignis und -folgen ganz entscheidend von der nachvollziehbaren Darlegung einer individuell risikoorientierten Indikationsstellung sowie operativen und postoperativen Behandlung ab.

Abstract

Background

The extent, magnitude and technical equipment used for thyroid surgery has changed considerably in Germany during the last decade. The number of thyroidectomies due to benign goiter have decreased while the extent of thyroidectomy, nowadays preferentially total thyroidectomy, has increased. Due to an increased awareness of surgical complications the number of malpractice claims is increasing.

Objectives

In contrast to surgical databases the frequency of complications in malpractice claims reflects the individual impact of complications on the quality of life. In contrast to surgical databases unilateral and bilateral vocal fold palsy are therefore at the forefront of malpractice claims. As guidelines are often not applicable for the individual surgical expert review, the question arises which are the relevant criteria for the professional expert witness assessing the severity of the individual complication.

Results

While in surgical databases major complications after thyroidectomy, such as vocal fold palsy, hypoparathyroidism, hemorrhage and infections are equally frequent (1–3 %), in malpractice claims vocal fold palsy is significantly more frequent (50 %) compared to hypoparathyroidism (15 %), hemorrhage and infections (about 5 % each). To avoid bilateral nerve palsy intraoperative nerve monitoring has become of utmost importance for surgical strategy and malpractice suits alike. For surgical expert review documentation of individual risk-oriented indications, the surgical approach and postoperative management are highly important.

Conclusion

Guidelines only define the treatment corridors of good clinical practice. Surgical expert reviews in malpractice suits concerning quality of care and causality between surgical management, complications and sequelae of complications are therefore highly dependent on the grounds and documentation of risk-oriented indications for thyroidectomy, intraoperative and postoperative surgical management.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. H. Dralle gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to H. Dralle FRCS, FACS, FEBS.

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Dralle, H. Chirurgische Begutachtung von Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen. Chirurg 86, 70–77 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2819-6

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