Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Originalia

Wer benötigt präventive Hilfen – wen erreichen wir?

Zwei Rekrutierungswege für ein Projekt zur indizierten Prävention von introversiven Störungen bei Schulkindern

Published Online:April 08, 2011https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000027

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die hohe Prävalenz introversiver Störungen (Angst und Depression) bei Kindern erfordert die Implementierung effektiver Präventionsprogramme. Über die Forschung zur Wirksamkeit einzelner Programme hinaus bedarf es insbesondere auch Studien zur Optimierung von Verbreitung, Durchführung und Implementierung solcher Maßnahmen. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war der Vergleich zweier Strategien zur Rekrutierung von Teilnehmern für ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch ausgerichtetes Programm, das sich an 8–12-jährige Kinder mit subklinischen Angst- und depressiven Symptomen richtete. Die erste Strategie beinhaltete verschiedene lokale Werbemaßnahmen für das Kursangebot, auf die sich die Eltern selbstständig anmelden konnten; die zweite Rekrutierungsmaßnahme erfolgte im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen Erhebung an 11 Regelschulen. Hier wurde den Eltern, deren Kinder erhöhte introversive Symptome aufwiesen, das Präventionsangebot unterbreitet. Während sich der erste Zugang projektbezogen als effektiv erwies, waren die Ergebnisse der Rekrutierung über die Schulen ausgesprochen schwach. Die beiden Stichproben werden hinsichtlich Teilnahmequoten, Verlauf der Rekrutierung, Lebensqualität, psychischer Belastung sowie soziodemographischer Variablen explorativ verglichen. Der Bedarf an systematischen Rekrutierungsstudien wird betont.


Who needs preventive measures – and who do we reach? Two methods of recruitment for a project on indicated prevention of internalizing disorders in school children

Abstract. The high prevalence of internalizing disorders (anxiety and depression) in children calls for the development and implementation of effective prevention programs. The issue of prevention recruitment is important for implementation as well as outcome research. This study compared two different recruitment strategies for an indicated cognitive-behavioral group program aimed at children aged 8-12 years with moderate anxious-depressed symptoms. The first recruitment strategy utilized extensive advertising in the local media, while the second strategy applied a school-based recruitment approach. Children with elevated symptom levels were offered the cost-free prevention program. While the first approach generated a satisfactory number of participants, the results for the latter were disappointing. Both samples were investigated according to enrollment rates, quality of life, psychopathology, and sociodemographic variables. The need for evidence-based recruitment strategies is emphasized.

Literatur

  • Achenbach, T. M. , Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Barkmann, C. , Schulte-Markwort, M. (2004). Prävalenz psychischer Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – ein systematischer Literaturüberblick. Psychiatrische Praxis, 31, 278–287. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Barrett, P. M. , Lowry-Webster, H. , Turner, C. (2000). FRIENDS Program for Children: Group Leaders Manual. Brisbane: Australian Academic Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Barrett, P. M. , Lowry-Webster, H. , Turner, C. (2003). FREUNDE für Kinder: Gruppenleitermanual. Deutsche Bearbeitung von C. A. Essau & J. Conradt. Basel: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bauer, U. (2005). Das Präventionsdilemma. Potenziale schulischer Kompetenzförderung im Spiegel sozialer Polarisierung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Beelmann, A. (2006). Wirksamkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse und Implikationen der integrativen Erfolgsforschung. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 35, 151–162. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Bertram, H. , Heinrichs, N. , Kuschel, A. , Kessemeier, Y. , Saßmann, H. , Hahlweg, K. (2003). Projekt „Zukunft Familie” – Erste Ergebnisse der Rekrutierung. Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin, 24, 187–204. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Biglan, A. , Metzler, C. W. (1998). A public health perspective for research on family-focused interventions. In R. S. Ashery, E. B. Robertson, K. L. Kumpfer, (Eds.), Drug abuse prevention through family intervention (pp. 430–458). Rockville: U.S. Department of Human Health and Services. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Britner, P. A. (2006). Editorial – Three R’s of prevention: Re-cruitment, retention, results. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 27, 343–344. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Calear, A. L. , Christensen, H. (2009). Systematic review of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for depression. Journal of Adolescence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.004 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Costello, E. , Angold, A. , Burns, B. J. , Stangl, D. K. , Tweed, D. L. , Erkanli, A. , Worthman, C. M. (1996). The Great Smoky Mountains Study of youth: Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1129–1136. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dadds, M. R. , Spence, S. H. , Holland, D. E. , Barrett, P. M. , Laurens, K. R. (1997). Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 627–635. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Döpfner, M. , Schmeck, K. , Berner, W. (1994). Handbuch: Elternfragebogen über das Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Forschungsergebnisse zur deutschen Fassung der Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Köln: Arbeitsgruppe Kinder-, Jugend- und Familiendiagnostik. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Döpfner, M. , Schmeck, K. , Berner, W. , Lehmkuhl, G. , Poustka, F. (1994). Zur Reliabilität und faktoriellen Validität der Child Behavior Checklist – eine Analyse in einer klinischen und einer Feldstichprobe. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, 22, 189–205. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Gladstone, T. R. , Beardslee, W. R. (2009). The prevention of depression in children and adolescents: a review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry – Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 54, 212–221. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Haggerty, K. P. , Fleming, C. B. , Lonczak, H. S. , Oxford, M. L. , Harachi, T. W. , Catalano, R. F. (2002). Predictors of participation in parenting workshops. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 22, 375–387. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Heinrichs, N. (2006). The effects of two different incentives on recruitment rates of families into a prevention program. Journal of Primary Prevention, 27, 345–365. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Heinrichs, N. , Bertram, H. , Kuschel, A. , Hahlweg, K. (2005). Parent recruitment and retention in a universal prevention program for child behavior and emotional problems: barriers to research and program participation. Prevention Science, 6, 275–86. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Heinrichs, N. , Hahlweg, K. , Naumann, S. , Kuschel, A. , Bertram, H. , Stander, D. (2009). Universelle Prävention kindlicher Verhaltensstörungen mithilfe einer elternzentrierten Maßnahme. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 38, 79–88. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Hölling, H. , Erhart, M. , Ravens-Sieberer, U. , Schlack, R. (2007). Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Erste Ergebnisse aus dem Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt – Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz, 50, 784–793. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Horowitz, J. L. , Garber, J. (2006). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 401–415. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Institute of Medicine . (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research. In P. J. Mrazek, R. J. Haggerty, (Eds.), Committee on Prevention of Mental Disorders, Division of Biobehavorial Sciences and Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ihle, W. , Esser, G. (2002). Epidemiologie psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Prävalenz, Verlauf, Komorbidität und Geschlechtsunterschiede. Psychologische Rundschau, 53, 159–169. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Janz, N. K. , Becker, M. H. (1984). The Health Belief Model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11, 1–47. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Jaycox, L. H. , Reivich, K. J. , Gillham, J. , Seligman, M. E. (1994). Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children: Two-year follow-up. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 32, 801–16. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kashani, J. H. , Orvaschel, H. (1990). A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 313–318. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kleining, G. , Moore, H. (1968). Soziale Selbsteinstufung (SSE). Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 20, 502–552. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kowalenko, N. , Rapee, R. M. , Simmons, J. , Wignall, A. , Hoge, R. , Whitefield, K. et al. (2005). Short-term effectiveness of a school-based early intervention program for adolescent depression. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10, 493–507. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lengua, L. J. , Roosa, M. W. , Schupak-Neuberg, E. , Michaels, M. L. , Berg, C. N. , Weschler, L. F. (1992). Using focus groups to guide the development of a parenting for difficult-to-reach, high-risk families. Family Relations, 41, 163–168. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lösel, F. , Beelmann, A. , Stemmler, M. , Jaursch, S. (2006). Prävention von Problemen des Sozialverhaltens im Vorschulalter: Evaluation des Eltern- und Kindertrainings EFFEKT. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 35, 127–139. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Marzinzik, K. , Kluwe, S. (2007). Stärkung der Erziehungskompetenz durch Elternkurse. Zur Wirksamkeit und Reichweite des Elterntrainings STEP. Prävention, 3, 79–82. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Mathers, C. D. , Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. Plos Medicine, 3, 2011–2030. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Mathers, C. D. , Lopez, A. D. , Murray, C. J. L. (2006). The burden of disease and mortality by condition: Data, methods and results for 2001. In A. D. Lopez, C. D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, C. J. L. Murray, D. T. Jamison, (Eds.), Global burden of disease and risk factors (pp. 45–240). New York: Oxford University Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Mattejat, F. , Remschmidt, H. (2006). Inventar zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Göttingen: Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Matthey, S. , Patterson, P. , Mutton, N. , Kreutzfeldt, K. (2006). Enrolment rates into parenting programs using a clinically viable recruitment strategy. The International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 8, 6–14. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McGee, R. , Feehan, M. , Williams, S. , Partridge, F. , Silva, P. A. , Kelly, J. (1990). DSM-III disorders in a large sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 611–619. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Merry, S. N. , McDowell, H. H. , Hetrick, S. E. , Bir, J. J. , Muller, N. (2004). Psychological and/or educational interventions for the prevention of depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub2. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Mifsud, C. , Rapee, R. M. (2005). Early intervention for childhood anxiety in a school setting: Outcomes for an economically disadvantaged population. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 996–1004. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Neil, A. L. , Christensen, H. (2009). Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 208–215. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Offord, D. R. (2000). Selection levels of prevention. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 833–842. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Orrell-Valente, J. K. , Pinderhughes, E. E. , Valente, E., Jr. , Laird, R. D. (1999). If it’s offered, will they come? Influences on parents’ participation in a community-based conduct problems prevention program. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 753–783. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pauschardt, J. , Eimecke, S. D. , Mattejat, F. (2010). Indizierte Prävention introversiver Störungen – Wirksamkeit eines kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansatzes bei Kindern. Manuskript in Vorbereitung. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pössel, P. , Schneider, S. , Seemann, S. (2006). Effekte und Kosten universaler Prävention von Internalisierungsstörungen. Verhaltenstherapie, 16, 201–210. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ravens-Sieberer, U. , Wille, N. , Bettge, S. , Erhart, M. (2007). Mental health of children and adolescents in Germany. Results from the BELLA study within the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt–Gesundheitsforschung–Gesundheitsschutz, 50, 871–878. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ravens-Sieberer, U. , Wille, N. , Erhart, M. , Bettge, S. , Wittchen, H. U. , Rothenberger, A. et al. (2008). Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: Results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 22–33. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Redmond, C. , Spoth, R. , Shin, C. , Hill, G. J. (2004). Engaging rural parents in family-focused programs to prevent youth substance abuse. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 24, 223–242. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Reid, J. B. , Eddy, J. , Fetrow, R. A. , Stoolmiller, M. (1999). Description and immediate impacts of a preventive intervention for conduct problems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 483–517. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Remschmidt, H. , Schmidt, M. H. , Poustka, F. (Hrsg.). (2006). Multiaxiales Klassifikationsschema für psychische Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters nach ICD-10 der WHO. Göttingen: Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Roberts, C. , Kane, R. , Thomson, H. , Bishop, B. , Hart, B. (2003). The prevention of depressive symptoms in rural school children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 622–628. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Seefeldt, W. L. , Heinrichs, N. , Eggert, F. (2008). Gründe für und gegen die Teilnahme an einem Elterntraining in sozial benachteiligten Nachbarschaften. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 16, 61–72. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Sheffield, J. K. , Spence, S. H. , Rapee, R. M. , Kowalenko, N. , Wignall, A. , Davis, A. et al. (2006). Evaluation of universal, indicated, and combined cognitive-behavioral approaches to the prevention of depression among adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 66–79. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Shochet, I. M. , Dadds, M. R. , Holland, D. , Whitefield, K. , Harnett, P. H. , Osgarby, S. M. (2001). The efficacy of a universal school-based program to prevent adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 303–315. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Spoth, R. , Redmond, C. (2000). Research on family engagement in preventive interventions: Toward improved use of scientific findings in primary prevention practice. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 21, 267–284. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Spoth, R. , Redmond, C. (2002). Project family prevention trials based in community-university partnerships: Toward scaled-up preventive interventions. Prevention Science, 3, 203–221. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Spoth, R. , Redmond, C. , Hockaday, C. , Shin, C. Y. (1996). Barriers to participation in family skills preventive interventions and their evaluations: A replication and extension. Family Relations, 45, 247–254. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Stein, R. E. , Bauman, L. J. , Ireys, H. T. (1991). Who enrolls in prevention trials? Discordance in perception of risk by professionals and participants. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 603–617. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Winslow, E. B. , Bonds, D. , Wolchik, S. , Sandler, I. , Braver, S. (2009). Predictors of enrollment and retention in a preventive parenting intervention for divorced families. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 151–172. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • World Health Organisation (2004). Prevention of mental disorders. Effective intervention and policy options. Geneva: World Health Organisation. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar