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Originalia

Die gemeinsamen und spezifischen Komponenten von Depression und Angst

Überprüfung eines Modells zur Faktorenstruktur depressiver und ängstlicher Symptome und deren Beziehung zu Affekt

Published Online:November 12, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000225

Abstract

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Mit Fragebögen erfasste Depressions- und Angstwerte sind häufig hoch korreliert. Nach dem Tripartite Modell von Clark und Watson (1991) ist diese Kovariation auf die gemeinsame Komponente negativer Affekt zurückzuführen. Eine bessere Differenzierung depressiver und ängstlicher Symptome sei über den depressionsspezifischen geringen positiven Affekt und das angstspezifische physiologische Hyperarousal möglich. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Studie ist die Überprüfung dieses Modells und die Bestimmung übergeordneter angst- und depressionsspezifischer Faktoren. Methode: Die Evaluation des Modells erfolgte anhand von Fragebögen zu Depression, Angst und Affekt an einer Stichprobe von 1 110 gesunden Erwachsenen (48 % weiblich; Alter: M = 25.43; SD = 6.07). Ergebnisse: Eine Hauptachsenanalyse erbrachte eine zweifaktorielle Lösung, welche sich ebenfalls in den Strukturgleichungsmodellen abbildete und die Konstrukte Depression und Angst repräsentiert. Beide Faktoren waren mit negativem Affekt assoziiert, nur die Komponente Depression war durch das Fehlen von positivem Affekt gekennzeichnet. Die angstspezifische Komponente Hyperarousal konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Implikationen für weiterführende Studien, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Weiterentwicklung des Modells, werden diskutiert.


Common and specific components of depression and anxiety. Evaluation of a factor model of depressive and anxious symptoms and their relation to affect

Background: Self-report measures of anxiety and depression are often strongly interrelated. According to the tripartite model of Clark and Watson (1991) , this covariation can be mostly explained by the underlying common factor negative affect. A more accurate differentiation between symptoms of depression and anxiety seems possible by taking into account low positive affect, which is unique to depression, and physiological hyperarousal, which is unique to anxiety. Question: The aim of this study is the evaluation of this model and the identification of higher order factors related to anxiety and depression. Methods: To evaluate this model, self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and affect were collected within a sample of 1,110 healthy adults (48 % women, age: M = 25.43; SD = 6.07). Results: A factor analysis provided a 2-factor solution, representing the constructs depression and anxiety. This solution was supported by a structural equation model. Both factors were associated with negative affect, although the factor depression was characterized by the absence of positive affect. The supposed anxiety-specific factor hyperarousal could not be identified. Conclusion: Implications for further studies are discussed, particularly concerning continued refinement of the model.

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