Zusammenfassung
Kapitel 3 befasst sich mit den Konsequenzen traumatischer Kindheitserlebnisse auf die Wahrnehmung und das Erleben. In den letzten Jahren häufen sich die Belege für neurobiologische Veränderungen, die stark durch die Art des erlebten Traumas sowie den Zeitpunkt der Traumatisierung beeinflusst werden. Durch diese Veränderungen kann es zu einem Einfluss auf Wahrnehmung und konsekutiv auch auf das Handeln von Menschen, die als Kind traumatischen Ereignissen ausgesetzt waren, kommen. Das Wissen um diese Prozesse spielt nicht zuletzt in der Bewertung der traumaassoziierten Symptomatik eine Rolle, vor allem, wenn es darum geht, Aussagen zu traumatischen Erfahrungen im forensischen Kontext zu bewerten.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Allroggen M, Rau T, Spröber N, Fegert JM (2012) Sexuelle Gewalt unter Jugendlichen—Erscheinungsform und Prävalenz. Nervenheilkunde 31:19:23
Beers SR, De Bellis MD (2002) Neuropsychological function in children with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159:483–486
Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Staib LH, Soufer R, Charney DS (2003) Neural correlates of declarative memory for emotionally valenced words in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to early childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry 53:879–889
Breslau N, Kessler R (2001) The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: an empirical investigation. Biol Psychiatry 50:699–704
Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA, Pearlson GD (2008) Modulation of temporally coherent brain networks estimated using ICA at rest and during cognitive tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 29(7):828–838
Carrion VG, Garrett A, Menon V, Weems CF, Reiss AL (2008) Posttraumatic stress symptoms and brain function during a response-inhibition task: an fMRI study in youth. Depress Anxiety 25:514–526
Carrion VG, Weems CF, Reiss AL (2007) Stress predicts brain changes in children: a pilot longitudinal study on youth stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and the hippocampus. Pediatrics 119:509–516
Choi J, Jeong B, Polcari A, Rohan ML, Teicher MH (2012) Reduced fractional anisotropy in the visual limbic pathway of young adults witnessing domestic violence in childhood. Neuroimage 59:1071–1079
Dannlowski U, Kugel H, Huber F, Stuhrmann A, Redlich R, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Swhlmeyer C, Konrad C, Baune BT, Arolt V, Heindel W, Zwitserlood P, Suslow T (2013) Childhood Maltreatment is associated with an automatic negative emotion processing bias in the amygdala. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2899–2909
Dannlowski U, Stuhrmann A, Beutelmann V, Zwanzger P, Lenzen T, Grotegerd D, Domschke K, Hohoff C, Ohrmann P, Bauer J, Lindner C, Postert C, Konrad C, Arolt V, Heindel W, Suslow T, Kugel H (2012) Limbic scars: long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry 71:286–293
De Bellis MD (2001) Developmental traumatology: the psychobiological development of maltreated children and its implications for research, treatment and policy. Dev Psychopathol 13:539–564
De Bellis MD, Hall J, Boring AM, Frustaci K, Moritz G (2001) A pilot longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 50:305–309
De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Spratt EG, Wooley DP (2009) Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pedicatric PTSD. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15:868–878
De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Clark DB, Casey BJ, Giedd JN, Boring AM, Frustaci K, Ryan ND (1999) Developmental Traumatology Part II: Brain development. Biol Psychiatry 45:1271–1284
De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Shifflet H, Ivengar S, Beers SR, Hall J, Moritz G (2002) Brain structures in pediatric maltreatment- related posttraumatic stress disorder: a sociodemographically matched study. Biol Psychiatry 52:1066–1078
De Quervain DJ (2008) Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of traumatic memories: implications for the treatment of PTSD. Prog Brain Res 167:239–247
Dunn EC, McLaughlin KA, Slopen N, Rosand J, Smoller JW (2013) Developmental timing of child maltreatment and symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation in young adulthood: results from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. Depr Anxiety 30:955–964
Garrity AG, Pearlson GD, McKiernan K, Lloyd D, Kiehl KA, Calhoun VD (2007) Aberrant »default mode« functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 164(3):450–457
Fegert JM, Spröber N, Rassenhofer M, Schneider Th, Seitz A (Hrsg) (2013) Sexueller Kindesmissbrauch—Zeugnisse, Botschaften, Konsequenzen. Juventa, Weinheim, München
Fegert JM, Besier T (2009) Psychisch belastete Kinder und Jugendliche an der Schnittstelle zwischen Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und Gesundheitssystem in 13. Kinder- und Jugendbericht: »Mehr Chancen für gesundes Aufwachsen—Gesundheitsbezogene Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe«. Verlag Deutsches Jugendinstitut, München 1:133
Fegert JM, Hoffmann U, Spröber N, Liebhardt H (2013) Sexueller Missbrauch von Kindern und Jugendlichen—Aktuelle (fach-)politische Diskussion und Überblick über Definitionen, Epidemiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 56:199–207
Freedman R, Lewis DA, Michels R, Pine DS, Schultz SK, Tamminga CA, Gabbard GO, Gau SS, Javitt DC, Oquendo MA, Shrout PE, Vieta E, Yager J (2013) The initial field trials of DSM-5: new blooms and old thorns. Am J Psychiatry 170:1–5
Hart H, Rubia K (2012) Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review. Fron Hum Neurosci 6:1–24
Heim C, Mayberg HS, Mletzko T, Nemeroff CB, Pruessner JC (2013) Decreased cortical representation of genital somatosensory field after childhood sexual abuse. Am J Psychiatry 170:616–623
Heim C, Nemeroff CB (2001) The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Biol Psychiatry 49:1023–1039
Heim C, Nemeroff CB (2009) Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. CNS Spectr 14 Suppl 1: 13–24
Jedd K, Hunt RH, Cicchetti D, Hunt E, Cowell RA, Rogosch FA, Toth SL, Thomas KM (2015) Long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment: altered amygdala functional connectivity. Dev Psychopathol 27:1577–1589
Khan A, McCormack HC, Bolger EA, McGreenery CE, Vitaliano G, Polcari A, Teicher MH (2015) Childhood maltreatment, depression, and suicidal ideation: critical importance of parental and peer emotional abuse during developmental sensitive periods in males and females. Front Psychiatry 6:42
Klengel T, Mehty D, Anacker C, Rex-Haffner M, Pruessner JC, Patiante CM, Pace TWW, Mercer KB, Mayberg HS, Bradley B, Nemeroff CB, Holsboer F, Heim CM, Ressler KJ, Rein T, Binder EB (2013) Allele-specific FKBP5 DANN methylation mediates gene-childhood trauma interactions. Nature Neuroscience 16:33–41
Köhnken G (2003) Glaubwürdigkeit. In: Lempp R, Schütze G, Köhnken G (Hrsg) Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, S 341–365
König C, Fegert JM (2009) Zur Praxis der Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung unter Einfluss des BGH-Urteils. Interdisziplinäre Fachzeitschrift für Prävention und Intervention DGfPI 12:16:41
Lamb M E, Orbach Y, Hershkowitz I, Esplin P W, Horowitz D (2007) Structured forensic interview protocols improve the quality and informativeness of investigative interviews with children: A review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Child Abuse & Neglect 31:1201–1231
Lanius RA, Bluhm RL, Coupland NJ, Hegadoren KM, Rowe B, Théberge J, Neufeld RWJ, Williamson PC, Brimson M (2010) Default mode network connectivity as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity in acutely traumatized subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121:33–40
Liberzon I, Sripada CS (2008) The functional neuroanatomy of PTSD: a critical review. Prog Brain Res 167:151–169
Lui S, Huang X, Chen L, Tang H, Zhang T, Li X, Li D, Kuang W, Chan RC, Mechelli A, Sweeney JA, Gong Q (2009) Highfield MRI reveals an acute impact on brain function in survivors of the magnitude 8.0 earthquake in China. PNAS 106:15412–15417
Maheu FS, Dozier M, Guyer AE, Mandell D, Peloso E, Poeth K, Jenness J, Lau JY, Ackerman JP, Pine DS, Ernst M (2010) A preliminary study of medial temporal lobe function in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 10:34–49
Mueller SC, Maheu FS, Dozier M, Peloso E, Mandell D, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Ernst M (2010) Early-life stress is associated with impairment in cognitive control in adolescence: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 48:3037–3044
Pechtel P, Lyons-Ruth K, Anderson CM, Teicher MH (2014) Sensitive periods of amygdala development: the role of maltreatment in preadolescence. Neuroimage 97: 236–244
Pechtel PA, Pizzagalli DA (2011) Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature. Psychopharmacology 214: 55–70
Pollak AD, Cicchetti D, Hornung K, Reed A (2000) Recognizing emotion in faces: developmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Dev Psychol 36(5):679–688
Pollak SD, Kistler DJ (2002) Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 9072–9076
Rassenhofer M, Spröber N, Schneider T, Fegert JM (2013) Listening to victims: Use of a Critical Incident Reporting System to enable adult victims of childhood sexual abuse to participate in a political reappraisal process in Germany. Child Abuse & Neglect 37:654–663
Rassenhofer M, Zimmer A, Spröber N, Fegert JM (2015) Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church in Germany: Comparison of victim-impact data collected through church-sponsored and government-sponsored programs. Child Abuse & Neglect 40:60–67
Rauch SL, Shin LM, Phelps EA (2006) Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: human neuroimaging research-past present and future. Biol Psychiatry 60:376–382
Schmid M, Fegert JM (2012) Fremdplazierte Kinder in Pflegefamilien und stationärer Jugendhilfe—Spezifische Entwicklungsbedingungen. In: Fegert JM, Eggers C, Resch F (Hrsg) Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, S 63–74
Schmid M, Petermann F, Fegert JM (2013) Developmental trauma disorder: pros and cons of including formal criteria in the psychiatric diagnostic systems. BMC Psychiatry 13:3-244X-13-3
Sheline YI, Barch DM, Price JL, Rundle MM, Vaishnavi SN, Snyder AZ, Mintun MA, Wang S, Coalson RS, Raichle ME (2009) The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:1942–1947
Sheridan MA, Fox NA, Zeanah KA, McLaughlin KA, Ill CA (2012) Variation in neural development as a result of exposure to institutionalization early in childhood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:12927–12932
Shin LM, Rauch SL, Pitman RK (2006) Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD. Ann NY Acad Sci 1071:67–79
Suo X, Lei D, Li K, Chen F, Li F, Li L, Huang X, Lui S, Li L, Kemp GJ, Gong Q (2015) Disrupted brain network topology in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: a resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3677–3686
Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD (2009) Changes in the interaction of Resting-state neural networks from adolescence to adulthood. Hum Brain Map 30: 2356–2366
Teicher MH, Andersen SL, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Navalta CP, Kim DM (2003) The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment. Neurosci Behav Rev 27:33–44
Teicher MH, Ohashi K, Lowen SB, Polcari A, Fitzmaurice GM (2015) Mood dysregulation and affective instability in emerging adults with childhood maltreatment: an ecological momentary assessment study. J Psychiatr Res 70:1–8
Terr LC (1991) Childhood traumas: an outline and overview. Am J Psychiatry 148: 10–20
Tomoda A, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Teicher MH (2012) Reduced visual cortex gray matter volume and thickness in young adults who witnessed domestic violence during childhood. PLoS ONE 7:e52528
Tottenham N, Hare TA, Quinn BT, McCarry TW, Nurse M, Gilhooly T (2010) Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdale volume and difficulties in emotion regulation. Development Sci 13:46–61
Tupler LA, De Bellis MD (2006) Segmented hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 59:523–529
Tyrka AR, Price LH, Kao HT, Porton B, Marsella SA, Carpenter LL (2010) Childhood maltreatment and telomere shortening: preliminary support for an effect of early stress on cellular aging. Biol Psychiatry 67:531–534
Van der Werff SJA, Pannekoek JN, Veer IM, van Tol MJ, Veltman DJ, Zitman FG, Rombouts SARB, Elzinga BM, van der Wee NJA (2013) Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with childhood emotional maltreatment. Psychol Med: Epub ahead of print 43:1825–36
Van Zuiden M, Geuze E, Willemen HLDM, Vermetten E, Maas M, Amarouchi K, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ (2012) Glucocorticoid receptor pathway components predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptom development: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry 71:309–316
Volbert R (1995) Glaubwürdigkeitsbegutachtung bei Verdacht auf sexuellen Missbrauch von Kindern. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 34:20–26
Völkl-Kernstock S, Bein N, Klicpera C, Eichberger H, Friedrich MH (2007) Zur Vorgehensweise österreichischer Sachverständiger in Obsorge- und Besuchsrechtsverfahren—eine Bestandsaufnahme gegenwärtiger Tätigkeit. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 35:199–205
Walter H, Vasic N, Höse A, Spitzer M, Wolf RC (2007) Working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and patients with depression: evidence from event-related fMRI. Neuro Image (35):1551–1561
Walter H, Wolf RC, Spitzer M, Vasic N (2007) Increased left prefrontal activation in patients with unipolar depression: an event-related, parametric, performance-controlled fMRI study. J Affect Disord 101(1–3):175–185
Wittchen HU, Gloster A., Beesdo K, Schönfeld S, Perkonigg A (2009) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: diagnostic and epidemiological perspectives. CNS Spectr 14 Suppl 1:5–12
Woodward SH, Kaloupek DG, Streeter CC, Martinez C, Schaer M, Eleiz S (2006). Decreased anterior cingulate volume in combat-related PTSD. Biol Psychiatry 59:582–587
Yamasue H, Kasai K, Iwanami A et al. (2003) Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulated gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism. PNAS 100:9039–9043
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fegert, J., Plener, P. (2016). Auswirkungen von Gewalterfahrungen auf die Wahrnehmung und das Handeln betroffener Kinder. In: Völkl-Kernstock, S., Kienbacher, C. (eds) Forensische Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1608-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1608-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1607-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1608-1
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)