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Endorectal ultrasound for preoperative staging

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Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Tumors

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Abstract

Evaluation of the anus and rectum has traditionally been done through external examination, digital rectal examination, anoscopy, flexible or rigid proctosigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Imaging techniques have included barium enema, CT scan, and MRI. With the introduction of endoluminal ultrasonography, a greater degree of objectivity has been implemented in the evaluation of the anorectum. This is especially important in the evaluation and treatment of rectal cancer. Accurate preoperative staging guides decision for neoadjuvant therapy, sphincter sparing procedures, and local excision. Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and endoanal ultrasound (ERAS) are also used in the diagnosis of benign mucosal lesions, fistula in ano, fecal incontinence, anorectal abscesses, and extrarectal masses. This chapter will focus on the use of endoluminal ultrasound in the evaluation of low rectal cancer, with particular attention to decisions regarding intersphincteric resection of low rectal tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue Room C-1075, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Bryan Loh MD, Martin R. Weiser MD & W. Douglas Wong MD (Professor of Surgery)

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  1. Bryan Loh MD
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  2. Martin R. Weiser MD
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  3. W. Douglas Wong MD
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Correspondence to Martin R. Weiser MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Surgical Oncology, Vienna, Austria

    Rudolf Schiessel MD

  2. Surgical Department, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria

    Peter Metzger MD, PhD

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Loh, B., Weiser, M.R., Wong, W.D. (2012). Endorectal ultrasound for preoperative staging. In: Schiessel, R., Metzger, P. (eds) Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Tumors. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0929-8_2

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