Zusammenfassung
Erkrankungen des Gehirns im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter, wie Schlaganfall und Cerebralparese, verursachen Störungen der Bewegungskontrolle, Muskelschwächen, Spastik, Dystonie, Greif- und Gangstörungen, Kontrakturen, Luxationen und Fehlstellungen. Grundprinzipien für deren neuroorthopädische biomechanische Analyse, Prävention und Behandlung können für die meisten neurologischen Krankheitsbilder in sehr ähnlicher Weise definiert werden. Aufgrund der deutlich besseren Studienlage wird in diesem Kapitel vorwiegend auf Cerebralparesen Bezug genommen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Anderson FC, Goldberg SR, Pandy MG, Delp SL (2004) Contributions of muscle forces and toe-off kinematics to peak knee flexion during the swing phase of normal gait: an induced position analysis. J Biomech 37:731–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.018
Arnold AS, Asakawa DJ, Delp SL (2000) Do the hamstrings and adductors contribute to excessive internal rotation of the hip in persons with cerebral palsy? Gait & posture 11:181–190
Arnold AS, Schwartz MH, Thelen DG, Delp SL (2007) Contributions of muscles to terminal-swing knee motions vary with walking speed. J Biomech 40:3660–3671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.006
Arnold AS, Thelen DG, Schwartz MH, Anderson FC, Delp SL (2007) Muscular coordination of knee motion during the terminal-swing phase of normal gait. J Biomech 40:3314–3324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.05.006
Bax M et al (Apri) (2005) Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 47:571–576
Brunner R (2018) The Evolution of Knee Flexion during Gait in Patients with Cerebral Palsy. In: Miller F, Bachrach S, Lennon N, O'Neil M (eds) Cerebral Palsy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, S 1–14. doi:10.1007/978–3–319–50592–3_221–1
Brunner R, Dreher T, Romkes J, Frigo C (2008) Effects of plantarflexion on pelvis and lower limb kinematics Gait & posture 28:150–156
Brunner R, Meier G, Ruepp T (1998) Comparison of a stiff and a spring-type ankle-foot orthosis to improve gait in spastic hemiplegic children. J Pediatr Orthop 18:719–726
Brunner R, Romkes J (2008) Abnormal EMG muscle activity during gait in patients without neurological disorders Gait & posture 27:399–407
Cronin NJ (2014) The effects of high heeled shoes on female gait: a review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 24:258–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.004
Frigo C, Pavan EE, Brunner R (2010) A dynamic model of quadriceps and hamstrings function Gait & posture 31:100–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.09.006
Gaston MS, Rutz E, Dreher T, Brunner R (2011) Transverse plane rotation of the foot and transverse hip and pelvic kinematics in diplegic cerebral palsy Gait & posture 34:218–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.05.001
Gough M (2009) Continuous postural management and the prevention of deformity in children with cerebral palsy: an appraisal. Dev Med Child Neurol 51:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03160.x
Hosl M, Bohm H, Arampatzis A, Doderlein L (2015) Effects of ankle-foot braces on medial gastrocnemius morphometrics and gait in children with cerebral palsy J Child Orthop 9:209–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11832-015-0664-x
Kay RM, Rethlefsen SA, Hale JM, Skaggs DL, Tolo VT (2003) Comparison of proximal and distal rotational femoral osteotomy in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 23:150–154
Klausler M, Speth BM, Brunner R, Tirosh O, Camathias C, Rutz E (2017) Long-term follow-up after tibialis anterior tendon shortening in combination with Achilles tendon lengthening in spastic equinus in cerebral palsy Gait & posture 58:457–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.028
Nene A, Mayagoitia R, Veltink P (1999) Assessment of rectus femoris function during initial swing phase Gait & posture 9:1–9
Newman CJ, O’Regan M, Hensey O (2006) Sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 48:564–568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206001198
Novak I et al (2013) A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy: state of the evidence. Dev Med Child Neurol 55:885–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12246
Perry J, Burnfield JM (1992) Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Second Edition, Slack International
Piazza SJ, Delp SL (1996) The influence of muscles on knee flexion during the swing phase of gait. J Biomech 29:723–733
Rutz E, Baker R, Tirosh O, Romkes J, Haase C, Brunner R (2011) Tibialis anterior tendon shortening in combination with Achilles tendon lengthening in spastic equinus in cerebral palsy Gait & posture 33:152–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.11.002
Rutz E, Gaston MS, Tirosh O, Brunner R (2012) Hip flexion deformity improves without psoas-lengthening after surgical correction of fixed knee flexion deformity in spastic diplegia Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy 22:379–386. https://doi.org/10.5301/HIP.2012.9453
Rutz E, Hofmann E, Brunner R (2010) Preoperative botulinum toxin test injections before muscle lengthening in cerebral palsy Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 15:647–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-010-1509-6
Sangeux M, Rodda J, Graham HK (2015) Sagittal gait patterns in cerebral palsy: the plantarflexor-knee extension couple index Gait & posture 41:586–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.12.019
Schweizer K, Romkes J, Brunner R (2013) The association between premature plantarflexor muscle activity, muscle strength, and equinus gait in patients with various pathologies Research in developmental disabilities 34:2676–2683 doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.025
Sossai R, Vavken P, Brunner R, Camathias C, Graham HK, Rutz E (2015) Patellar tendon shortening for flexed knee gait in spastic diplegia Gait & posture 41:658–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.01.018
Stebbins J, Harrington M, Thompson N, Zavatsky A, Theologis T (2010) Gait compensations caused by foot deformity in cerebral palsy Gait & posture 32:226–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.006
Stout JL, Gage JR, Schwartz MH, Novacheck TF (2008) Distal femoral extension osteotomy and patellar tendon advancement to treat persistent crouch gait in cerebral palsy The Journal of bone and joint surgery American 90:2470–2484. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.00327
Sutherland DH, Davids JR (1993) Common gait abnormalities of the knee in cerebral palsy Clinical orthopaedics and related research:139–147
Tardieu C, Lespargot A, Tabary C, Bret MD (1988) For how long must the soleus muscle be stretched each day to prevent contracture? Dev Med Child Neurol 30:3–10
Thompson N, Stebbins J, Seniorou M, Wainwright AM, Newham DJ, Theologis TN (2010) The use of minimally invasive techniques in multi-level surgery for children with cerebral palsy: preliminary results The Journal of bone and joint surgery British 92:1442–1448. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.92B10.24307
Wiedemeijer MM, Otten E (2018) Effects of high heeled shoes on gait. A review Gait & posture 61:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.036
Wingert JR, Burton H, Sinclair RJ, Brunstrom JE, Damiano DL (2008) Tactile sensory abilities in cerebral palsy: deficits in roughness and object discrimination. Dev Med Child Neurol 50:832–838. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03105.x
Wingert JR, Burton H, Sinclair RJ, Brunstrom JE, Damiano DL (2009) Joint-position sense and kinesthesia in cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90:447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.08.217
Yamaguchi GT, Zajac FE (1989) A planar model of the knee joint to characterize the knee extensor mechanism. J Biomech 22:1–10
Yoshida S et al (2010) Quantitative diffusion tensor tractography of the motor and sensory tract in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 52:935–940. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03669.x
Zajac FE, Gordon ME (1989) Determining muscle’s force and action in multi-articular movement. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 17:187–230
Zwick EB, Saraph V, Zwick G, Steinwender C, Linhart WE, Steinwender G (2002) Medial hamstring lengthening in the presence of hip flexor tightness in spastic diplegia Gait & posture 16:288–296
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brunner, R. (2021). Orthopädie der cerebralen Bewegungsstörungen. In: Strobl, W.M., Schikora, N., Pitz, E., Abel, C. (eds) Neuroorthopädie - Disability Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61330-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61330-6_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-61329-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-61330-6
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)