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Plazentabildgebung

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Die Plazenta

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Zusammenfassung

Die Untersuchung und Darstellung der Plazenta ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der geburtshilflichen Überwachung. Bei allen Schwangeren sollte die Plazenta sonografisch untersucht und dokumentiert werden. Bei der differenzierten Untersuchung der Plazenta sollten Form, Größe und Dicke, Struktur und Reife, Lokalisation und die Nabelschnurinsertion beurteilt werden. Standarduntersuchungsmethode für die Bildgebung der Plazenta ist nach wie vor die sonografische Beurteilung mittels 2D-/3D-Verfahren und Dopplersonografie. In höheren Schwangerschaftswochen und bei eingeschränkten Untersuchungsbedingungen (Adipositas, Oligo-/Anhydramnion, ungünstiger Kindslage oder Hinterwandplazenta) kann die sonografische Beurteilung der Plazenta eingeschränkt sein und die MRT-Untersuchung v. a. für spezielle Fragestellungen hilfreich sein. Der Verdacht auf eine Plazentationsstörung stellt derzeit die Hauptindikation für eine fetale MRT mit Beurteilung der Plazentamorphologie dar. Eine Störung der plazentaren Funktion (inkl. der Störung der utero- bzw. der fetoplazentaren Durchblutung) kann zu Komplikationen mit der Folge erhöhter maternaler und perinataler Morbidität und Mortalität führen. Goldstandard zur Evaluation des utero- und fetoplazentaren Kreislaufs ist die Dopplersonografie.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    Anna-Maria Dückelmann

  2. Sektion Pädiatrische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland

    Hans-Joachim Mentzel

  3. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Women’s Clinical Management Group, Sidra Outpatient Building, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, Qatar Foundation, 26999, Doha, Qatar

    Karim D. Kalache

  4. Klinikum Neukölln, Perinatalzentrum Level I, Vivantes – Netwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Deutschland

    Dietmar Schlembach

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  1. Anna-Maria Dückelmann
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  2. Hans-Joachim Mentzel
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  3. Karim D. Kalache
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  4. Dietmar Schlembach
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Correspondence to Anna-Maria Dückelmann .

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  1. Ordinarius, Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie Histologie und Embryologie, Gottfried Schatz Forschungszentrum, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Berthold Huppertz

  2. Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

    Ekkehard Schleußner

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Dückelmann, AM., Mentzel, HJ., Kalache, K.D., Schlembach, D. (2018). Plazentabildgebung. In: Huppertz, B., Schleußner, E. (eds) Die Plazenta. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_9

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