Zusammenfassung
Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, dass sich das Risiko für Erkrankungen wie beispielsweise koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) oder Insulinresistenz aus dem genetischen Potential der Eltern entwickelt und durch Umwelteinflüsse wie ein ungünstiger Lebensstil verstärkt wird. Diese Auffassung wurde in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten durch das Konzept der fetalen Programmierung komplett überworfen. Das Konzept beinhaltet, dass ein Stimulus oder Insult während einer sensiblen Phase der fetalen Entwicklung bleibende Veränderungen der Struktur, Physiologie und des Metabolismus hervorruft und damit das spätere Risiko für chronische Erkrankungen wie KHK und Insulinresistenz, aber auch für Allergien, eine gestörte Stressantwort u. v. m. im Erwachsenenalter bestimmt. Das Konzept der Fetal Origins of Adult Disease (FOAD) wurde vor über 20 Jahren von dem britischen Epidemiologen David Barker vorgestellt und seitdem intensiv beforscht. Die Forschungsansätze zielen darauf ab, die biologischen Mechanismen zu erkennen, über die ein pränataler Stimulus oder Insult die fetale Entwicklung verändert, die Zeitspanne zwischen vorgeburtlichem Stimulus/Insult und späterer Krankheit zu erfassen und die zahlreichen Faktoren zu identifizieren, die ein Erkrankungsrisiko während der gesamten Lebensspanne mitbeeinflussen
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Huhn, E.A., Diemert, A., Schleußner, E., Hecher, K., Arck, P.C. (2018). Fetale Programmierung. In: Huppertz, B., Schleußner, E. (eds) Die Plazenta. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_13
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