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Funktionell-neuroanatomische und neuropathologische Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen

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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Neben psychosozialen Einflüssen, die über das Prinzip der Neuroplastizität Hirnstruktur und -funktion nachhaltig beeinflussen können, spielen primär hirnpathologische Prozesse nicht nur bei der Verursachung hirnorganischer Psychosyndrome sondern auch bei schizophrenen Erkrankungen und affektiven Störungen eine bedeutende Rolle. In den letzten Jahren zeigte sich, dass weniger eine Pathologie der Nervenzellkörper sondern Veränderungen der Zwischenzellstubstanz, des sog. Neuropils und der Synapsen, der Gliazellen sowie neuroinflammatorische Prozesse wesentliche Teilursachen von psychotischen oder affektiven Störungen sind. Zum besseren Verständnis der neuropathologischen Grundlagen dieser psychischen Störungen werden zunächst die funktionell-neuroanatomischen Grundlagen der zerebralen Informationsverarbeitung, insbesondere die Interaktion von kortikalen und limbischen Funktionen erläutert. Neben den Erkenntnissen aus struktur- und funktionsbildgebenden Verfahren werden die histopathologischen Befunde zu Interneuronen und den verschiedenen Gliazelltypen bei Schizophrenen und Depressiven dargestellt. Auf Dysfunktionen des limbischen und des Belohnungssystems bei psychischen Störungen wird besonders eingegangen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Salus-Institut Magdeburg, Salus gGmbH, Seepark 5, 39116, Magdeburg, Deutschland

    Bernhard Bogerts

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Tübingen, Osianderstr. 24, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Martin Walter

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Correspondence to Bernhard Bogerts .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. em. Direktor der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Ehem. Ärztlicher Direktor des kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikums für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der LMU München Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Soyen, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Vorstand der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Bogerts, B., Walter, M. (2017). Funktionell-neuroanatomische und neuropathologische Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_6

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