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Hirnelektrische Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen

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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Unser Gehirn ist ein ununterbrochen mit sich selbst interagierendes System, wobei die verschwindend geringe Anzahl sensorischer Nervenzellen auf diese Abläufe lediglich modulierend einwirken können. Ein wichtiger Teil dieser Prozesse läuft über neuroelektrische Phänomene, die mittels Elektroden ableitbar sind. Von der Kopfhaut sind mittels des EEG synchronisierte neuroelektrische kortikale Aktivitäten ableitbar. Das EEG erlaubt als einziges Verfahren unmittelbar und mit beliebig hoher zeitlicher Auflösung die Messung hirnelektrischer Aktivität inkl. höherfrequenter Rhythmisierungen und Synchronisierungen, die als Korrelate kognitiver Phänomene besondere Bedeutung haben. Mittels Quellenlokalisation sind die Möglichkeiten einer Zuordnung der abgeleiteten hirnelektrischen Phänomene zu den generierenden kortikalen Strukturen in den letzten 20 Jahren deutlich verbessert worden. In Verbindung mit psychischen Störungen ist das EEG als Biomarker wegen der großen interindividuellen Variabilität und der hohen, teils sehr hohen Heritabilität von besonderem Interesse. Am Beispiel des Arousalregulationsmodells affektiver Störungen sowie Veränderungen von Gamma-Oszillationen in Verbindung mit schizophrenen Erkrankungen werden Beispiele für vielversprechende Einsatzgebiete neurophysiologischer Untersuchungsverfahren vorgestellt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Ulrich Hegerl

  2. Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Christoph Mulert

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  1. Ulrich Hegerl
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Correspondence to Ulrich Hegerl .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. em. Direktor der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Ehem. Ärztlicher Direktor des kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikums für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der LMU München Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Soyen, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Vorstand der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Hegerl, U., Mulert, C. (2017). Hirnelektrische Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_11

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