Zusammenfassung
Die raschen Fortschritte in der Molekularbiologie haben die Medizin grundlegend verändert. Mit Hilfe zahlreicher neuer Technologien werden die molekularen Ursachen von Erkrankungen zunehmend aufgeklärt. Die neu gewonnenen Erkenntnisse verbessern nicht nur Diagnostik und Vorhersage der Prognose, sondern helfen auch neue therapeutische Ansätze für Hauterkrankungen zu finden. Anstatt empirischer Behandlungen greifen zunehmend therapeutische Strategien gezielt die Krankheitsursachen an (‚targeted therapy‘) und innovative Therapien werden präzise an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepasst (‚precision medicine‘). Ein prominentes Beispiel für diese zielgerichtete Therapie ist die Behandlung von BRAF mutierten Melanomen mit den Kinase-Inhibitoren Vemurafenib oder Dabrafenib.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Ali L et al (2010) Correlating array comparative genomic hybridization findings with histology and outcome in spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 3(6):593–599
Barnhill RL et al (1999) Atypical Spitz nevi/tumors: lack of consensus for diagnosis, discrimination from melanoma, and prediction of outcome. Hum Pathol 30(5):513–520
Bastian BC et al (1998) Chromosomal gains and losses in primary cutaneous melanomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Res 58(10):2170–2175
Bastian BC et al (1999) Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Spitz nevi shows clear differences to melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 113(6):1065–1069
Bastian BC et al (2002) Genetic changes in neoplasms arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: differences between nodular proliferations and melanomas. Am J Pathol 161(4):1163–1169
Bastian BC et al (2003) Classifying melanocytic tumors based on DNA copy number changes. Am J Pathol 163(5):1765–1770
Chapman PB et al (2011) Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 364(26):2507–2516
Chin L (2003) The genetics of malignant melanoma: lessons from mouse and man. Nat Rev Cancer 3(8):559–570
Cook MG (1997) Diagnostic discord with melanoma. J Pathol 182(3):247–249
Corona R et al (1996) Interobserver variability on the histopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. J Clin Oncol 14(4):1218–1223
Curtin JA et al (2005) Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med 353(20):2135–2147
Curtin JA et al (2006) Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 24(26):4340–4346
Davies H et al (2002) Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 417(6892):949–954
Dietel M et al (2012) BRAF mutation detection in metastatic melanoma. Pathologe 33(4):352–356
Harvell JD, Bastian BC, LeBoit PE (2002) Persistent (recurrent) Spitz nevi: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular pathologic study of 22 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 26(5):654–661
Held L et al (2013) Proliferative activity, chromosomal aberrations, and tumor-specific mutations in the differential diagnosis between blue nevi and melanoma. Am J Pathol 182(3):640–645
Hodi FS et al (2008) Major response to imatinib mesylate in KIT-mutated melanoma. J Clin Oncol 26(12):2046–2051
Kakati S, Song SY, Sandberg AA (1977) Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXII. Karyotypic changes in malignant melanoma. Cancer 40(3):1173–1181
Kallioniemi A et al (1992) Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. Science 258(5083):818–821
Kempf W et al (1998) Experts and gold standards in dermatopathology: qualitative and quantitative analysis of the self-assessment slide seminar at the 17th colloquium of the International Society of Dermatopathology. Am J Dermatopathol 20(5):478–482
Lutzky J, Bauer J, Bastian BC (2008) Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21(4):492–493
Pinkel D et al (1998) High resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nat Genet 20(2):207–211
Raskin L et al (2011) Copy number variations and clinical outcome in atypical spitz tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 35(2):243–252
Saiki RK et al (1985) Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230(4732):1350–1354
Thompson FH et al (1995) Cytogenetics of 158 patients with regional or disseminated melanoma. Subset analysis of near-diploid and simple karyotypes. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 83(2):93–104
Wiltshire RN et al (2001) Application of molecular cytogenetic techniques in a case study of human cutaneous metastatic melanoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 131(2):97–103
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bauer, J., Wiesner, T. (2016). Molekulare Diagnostik und Techniken. In: Cerroni, L., Garbe, C., Metze, D., Kutzner, H., Kerl, H. (eds) Histopathologie der Haut. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45133-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45133-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45132-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45133-5
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)