Zusammenfassung
Physiologische Reaktionen sind eine wesentliche Komponente der Gefühle und damit auch der Angst. Doch hat sich ihre Messung bei den verschiedenen Angststörungen als unterschiedlich ergiebig erwiesen. In diesem Kapitel werden anfangs einige grundlegende Konzepte der Psychophysiologie vorgestellt, die bei der Interpretation physiologischer Daten zu berücksichtigen sind. Darauf folgt ein kurzer Überblick über die physiologischen Maße, die bei Angststörungen am häufigsten erhoben werden und schließlich die Beschreibung von Befunden einzelner Störungsbereiche. Eine Beschreibung von apparativen und messtechnischen Einzelheiten würden den Rahmen dieses Kapitels sprengen und kann statt dessen Lehrbüchern der Psychophysiologie entnommen werden (z.B. Schandry 1989; Andreassi 2000).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Andreassi JL (2000) Psychophysiology: Human behavior and physiological response. Earlbaum, Hillsdale
Åsberg M, Thorén P, Bertilsson L (1982) Clomipramine treatment of obsessive disorder — biochemical and clinical aspects. Psychopharmacol Bull 18:13–21
Barlow DH, Mavissakalian MR, Schofield LD (1980) Patterns of desynchrony in agoraphobia: A preliminary report. Behav Res Ther 18:441–448
Baxter LR jr, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS et al. (1992) Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:681–689
Beech HR (ed) (1974) Obsessional states. Methuen, London
Beech KT, Ciesielski KT, Gordon PK (1983) Further observations of evoked potentials in obsessional patients. Br J Psychiatry 142:605–609
Beidel DC (1988) Psychophysiological assessment of anxious emotional states in children. J Abnorm Psychol 97:80–82
Beidel DC, Turner SM, Dancu CV (1985) Physiological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety. Behav Res Ther 23:109–117
Benkelfat C, Nordahl TE, Semple WE, King AC, Murphy DL, Cohen RM (1990) Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:840–848
Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Buckley TC, Taylor AE, Vollmer A, Loos WR (1996) Psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder related to motor vehicle accidents: replication and extension. J Consult Clin Psychol 64:742–751
Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Buckley TC, Veazey CH (1999) Psychophysiological dimensions of motor vehicle accident survivors. In: Hickling EJ, Blanchard EB (eds) The international handbook of road traffic accidents and psychological trauma: Current understanding, treatment and law. Elsevier, New York, pp 199–208
Boulougouris JC, Rabavilas AD, Stefanis C (1977) Psychophysiological responses in obsessional-compulsive patients. Behav Res Ther 15:221–230
Bradley MM, Vrana SR (1993) The startle probe in the study of emotion and emotional disorders. In: Birbaumer N, Öhman A (eds) The structure of emotion. Hogrefe, Toronto, pp 270–287
Clark DM, Salkovskis PM, Gelder M, Anastiasiades P, Hackmann A, Middleton H (1989) Evaluating a cognitive theory and treatment of panic. World Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Oxford, 1989
Connolly I, Hallam RS, Marks IM (1976) Selective association of fainting with blood-injury phobias. Behav Ther 7:8–13
Cuthbert BN, Melamed BG (1993) Anxiety and clinical psychophysiology: Three decades of research on three response systems in three anxiety disorders. In: Birbaumer N, Öhman A (eds) The structure of emotion. Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle, pp 93–109
Ehlers A, Margraf J, Roth WT, Taylor CB, Birbaumer N (1988) Anxiety induced by false heart rate feedback in patients with panic disorder. Behav Res Ther 26:1–11
Eves F, Tata P (1989) Phasic cardiac and electrodermal reactions to idiographic stimuli in obsessional subjects. Behav Psychother 17:71–83
Foa EB, McNally RJ (1986) Sensitivity to feared stimuli in obsessive-compulsives: A dichotic listening analysis. Cogn Ther Res 10:477–485
Friedman BH, Thayer JF (1998a) Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: A cardiovascular approach. Biol Psychol 49:303–323
Friedman BH, Thayer JF (1998b) Autonomic balance revisited: Panic anxiety and heart rate variability. J Psychosom Res 44:133–151
Gaillard JM, Iorio G, Campajola P, Kemali D (1984) Temporal organization of sleep in schizophrenics and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Adv Biol Psychiatry 15:76–83
Gelder MG, Bancroft JHJ, Gath DH, Johnston DW, Mathews AM, Shaw PM (1973) Specific and non-specific factors in behaviour therapy. Br J Psychiatry 123:445–462
Gerardi RJ, Blanchard EB, Kolb LC (1989) Ability of Vietnam veterans to dissimulate a psychophysiological assessment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Ther 20:229–243
Grey SJ, Rachman S, Sartory G (1981) Return of fear: the role of inhibition. Behav Res Ther 19:135–143
Hamm AO, Vaitl D (1993) Emotionsinduktion durch visuelle Reize: Validierung einer Stimulationsmethode auf drei Reaktionsebenen. Psychol Rundsch 44:143–161
Hart J (1974) Physiological response of anxious and normal subjects to simple signal and non-signal auditory stimuli. Psychophysiology 11:443–451
Hazlett RL, McLeod DR, Hoehn-Saric R (1994) Muscle tension in generalized anxiety disorder: Elevated muscle tonus or agitated movement? Psychophysiology 31:189–195
Hofmann SG, Newman MG, Ehlers A, Roth W (1995) Psychophysiological differences between subgroups of social phobia. J Abnorm Psychol 104:224–231
Hout MA van den, Jong P de, Kindt M (2000) Masked fear words produce increased SCRs: an anomaly for Öhman’s theory of the pre-attentive processing in anxiety. Psychophysiology 37:283–288
Insel TR, Gillin JC, Moore A, Mendelson WB, Loewenstein RJ, Murphy DL (1982) The sleep of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:1372–1377
Jong PJ de, Merckelbach H, Arntz A (1991) Eyeblink startle responses in spider phobics before and after treatment: a pilot study. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 13:213–223
Kathman N, Wagner M, Engel RR (1991) Enhanced late positive component in obsessive-compulsives during visual judgement. Presented at the 1st European Conference of Psychophysiology, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Keane TM, Kolb LC, Kaloupek DG, Orr SP, Blanchard EB, Thomas RG, Hsieh FY, Lavori PW (1998) Utility of psychophysiological measurement in the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from a department of veterans affairs cooperative study. J Consult Clin Psychol 66:914–923
Klorman R, Weissberg RD, Wiesenfeld AR (1977) Individual differences in fear and autonomic reactions to affective stimulation. Psychophysiology 14:45–51
Lader MH, Wing L (1966) Physiological measures, sedative drugs and morbid anxiety. Oxford University Press, London
Lang PJ, Melamed BG, Hart J (1970) A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitisation procedure. J Abnorm Psychol 72:220–234
Levin AP, Saoud JB, Strautman T, Gorman J.M., Fyer AJ, Crawford R, Liebowitz MR (1993) Response of “generalized” and “discrete”social phobias during public speaking. J Anxiety Dis 7:207–221
Libby KC, Lacey BC, Lacey JI (1973) Pupillary and cardiac activity during visual attention. Psychophysiology 10:270–294
Margraf J, Ehlers A (1988) Panic attacks in nonclinical subjects. In: Hand I, Wittchen HU (eds) Panic and Phobias. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 103–116
Margraf J, Taylor CB, Ehlers A, Roth WT, Agras WS (1987) Panic attacks in the natural environment. J Nerv Ment Dis 175:558–565
Michelson L, Mavissakalian M, Marchione, K (1985) Cognitive and behavioral treatments of agoraphobia: Clinical, behavioral, and psychophysiological outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 53:913–925
Nesse RM, Curtis GC, Thyer BA, McCann DS, Huber-Smith MJ, Knopf RF (1985) Endocrine and cardiovascular responses during phobic anxiety. Psychosom Med 47:320–332
Öhman A, Soares JJF (1994) “Unconscious anxiety”: phobic responses to masked stimuli. J Abnorm Psychol 103:231–240
Orr SP, Lasko NB, Shalev AY, Pitman RK (1995) Physiologic responses to loud tones in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 104:75–82
Öst LG, Jerremalm A, Johansson J (1981) Individual response patterns and the effect of different behavioral methods in the treatment of social phobia. Behav Res Ther 19:1–16
Pallmeyer TP, Blanchard EB, Kolb LC (1985) The psychophysiology of combat-induced post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. Behav Res Ther 24:645–652
Pitman RK, Orr SP, Forgue DF, Jong JB de, Claiborn JM (1987) Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:970–975
Porges SW (1992) Autonomic regulation and attention. In: Campbell BA, Hayne H, Richardson R (eds) Attention and information processing in infants and adults. Earlbaum, Hillsdale/NJ, pp 201–223
Rabavilas AD, Boulougouris JC (1974) Physiological accompaniments of ruminations, flooding and thought-stopping in obsessive patients. Behav Res Ther 12:239–243
Roth WT, Telch MJ, Taylor CB et al. (1986) Autonomic characteristics of agoraphobia with panic attacks. Biol Psychiatry 21:1133–1154
Salkovskis PM, Clark DM (1990) Affective responses to hyperventilation: A test of the cognitive model of panic. Behav Res Ther 28:51–61
Sartory G (1985) The CNV in psychiatric states. In: Papakostopulos D, Butler S, Martin I (eds) Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology: Helm London
Sartory G (1997) Angststörungen: Theorien, Befunde, Diagnostik und Behandlung. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt
Sartory G, Master D (1984) Contingent negative variation in obsessional-compulsive patients. Biol Psychol 18:253–267
Sartory G, Rachman S, Grey S (1977) An investigation of the relation between reported fear and heart rate. Behav Res Ther 15:435–438
Sartory G, Eves F, Foa E (1987) Maintenance of within session habituation of the cardiac response to phobic stimulation. J Psychophysiol 1:21–34
Sartory G, McDonald R, Gray JA (1990) Effects of diazepam on approach, self-reported fear and psychophysiological responses in snake phobics. Behav Res Ther 28:273–282
Sartory G, Roth WT, Kopell ML (1992) Psychophysiological assessment of driving phobia. J Psychophysiol 6:311–320
Sartory G, Besken E, Pothmann R (1997) Contingent negative variation in childhood migraine. J Psychophysiol 11:138–146
Schandry R (1989) Psychophysiologie: körperliche Indikatoren psychischen Geschehens. Psychologie, München
Schwartz JM, Stoessel P, Baxter LR, Martin KM, Phelps ME (1996) Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:109–113
Sokolov EN (1963) Perception and the conditioned reflex. Pergamon, Oxford
Stein MB, Tancer ME, Uhde TW (1992) Heart rate and plasma norepinephrine responsivity to orthostatic challenge in anxiety disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:311–317
Thayer JF, Friedman BH, Borkovec TD, Johnsen BH, Molina S (2000) Phasic heart period reactions to cued threat and nonthreat stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychophysiology 37:361–368
Towey J, Bruder G, Hollander E, Friedman D, Erhan H, Liebowitz M, Sutton S (1990) Endogenous event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 28:92–98
Wood BS, McGlynn FD (2000) Research on posttreatment return of claustrophobic fear, arousal, and avoidance using Mock Diagnostic Imaging. Behav Mod 24:379–394
Woods SW, Charney DS, McPherson CA, Gradman AH, Heninger CR (1987) Situational panic attacks: behavioural physiological and biochemical characterization. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:365–375
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sartory, G. (2003). Physiologische Maße der Angst und Vermeidung. In: Hoyer, J., Margraf, J. (eds) Angstdiagnostik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18976-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18976-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62389-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18976-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive