Skip to main content

Entwicklung und Funktion der weiblichen Fortpflanzungsorgane

  • Chapter
Klinische Endokrinologie für Frauenärzte
  • 2452 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Das Geschlecht eines Individuums kann man chromosomal, gonadal, genital, hormonal und psychosozial definieren. Normalerweise ist das gonadale Geschlecht, d. h. die Differenzierung der Gonaden, durch das chromosomale Geschlecht bedingt. Das Geschlecht wird genetisch kontrolliert. Die chromosomale Konstellation 46 XY ist männlich, die Konstellation 46 XX weiblich determiniert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Ahlgren M (1975) Sperm transport to and survival in the human Fallopian tube. Gynecol Obstet Invest 6: 206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austin CR (1970) Aging and reproduction: post-ovulatory detioration of the egg. J Reprod Fertil 12 (Suppl): 39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austin CR (1982) The egg. In: Austin CR, Short RV (eds) Reproduction in mammals. I. Germ cells and fertilization, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 46

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahat A, Tur-Kaspa I, Gakamsky A et al. (2003) Thermotaxis of mammalian sperm cells. A potential navigation mechanism in the female genital tract. Nat Med 9: 149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker TG, Sum OW (1976) Development of the ovary and oogenesis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 3: 3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard P, Harley VR (2007) Wnt4 action in gonadal development and sex determination. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39: 31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton AE, Pockley AG, Clough KJ et al. (1987) Identification of placental protein 14 as an immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction. Lancet 1: 593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner RM, Slayden OVD (1996) The Fallopian tube cycle. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia New York, p 325

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulletti C, de Ziegler D, Polli V et al. (2000) Uterine contractility during the menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod 15(Suppl 1): 81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, Rajput-Williams J et al. (1993) Identification and localization of alternately spliced mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor in human uterus and estrogen regulation in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Biol Reprod 48: 1120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke CL, Sutherland RL (1991) Progestin regulation of cellular proliferation. Endocr Rev 11: 266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couse JF, Korach KS (1999) Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? Endocr Rev 20: 358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croxatto HB (1996) Gamete transport. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia New York, p 385

    Google Scholar 

  • DeCherney AH (1984) Hysteroscopic management of mullerian fusion defects. In: Siegeler AM, Lindemann HJ (eds) Hysteroscopy. Principles and practice. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Donahoe PK (2001) Perspective: reproductive tract development — new discoveries and future directions. Endocrinology 142: 2167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donnez J, Casanas-Roux F, Caprasse J et al. (1985) Cyclic changes in ciliation, cell height, and mitotic activity in human tubal epithelium during reproductive life. Fertil Steril 43: 554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downie J, Poyser N, Wunderlich M (1974) Levels of prostaglandins in human endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle. J Physiol 236: 465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drews U (1995) Morphologische Entwicklung der Sexualorgane. Gynäkologe 28: 5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak M, Tesarik J (1980) Ultrastructure of human ovarian follicles. In: Motta PM, Hafez ESE (eds) Biology of the ovary. Nijhoff, The Hague, Boston London, p 121

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert C (1998) WT1 — more than a transcription factor? Trends Biochem Sci 23: 389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson GF (1987) The ovary: basic principles and concepts. A physiology. In: Felig P, Baxter JD, Broadus AE, Frohman LA (eds) Endocrinology and metabolism. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 905

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellersen B, Kempf R, Telgmann R, DiMattia GE (1994) Nonpituitary human prolactin gene transcription is independent of Pit-1 and differentially controlled in lymphocytes and in endometrial stroma. Mol Endocrinol 8: 356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerschenson LE, Conner EA, Yang J, Anderson M (1979) Hormonal regulation of proliferation in two populations of endometrial cells in culture. Life Sci 24: 1337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giudice LC, Dsupin BA, Jin ICH et al. (1993) Differential expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in human uterine endometrium and decidua. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giudice LC, Ferenczy A (1996) The endometrial cycle. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia New York, p 271–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordts S, Campo R, Rombauts L, Brosens I (1998) Endoscopic visualization of the process of fimbrial ovum retrieval in the human. Hum Reprod 13: 1425

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorodesky GI (1996) The cervical cycle. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia New York, p 301

    Google Scholar 

  • Gubbay J, Collignon J, Koopman P et al. (1990) A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes. Nature 346: 245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handwerger S, Brar A (1992) Placental lactogen, placental growth hormone, and decidual prolactin. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 10: 106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harper MJ (1988) Gamete and zygote transport. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The physiology of reproduction. Raven, New York, p 103

    Google Scholar 

  • Henault MA, Killian GJ (1993) Synthesis and secretion of lipids by bovine oviduct mucosal explants. J Reprod Fertil 98: 431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey M, Fraser IS (2000a) A functional model for progestogen-induced breakthrough bleeding. Hum Reprod 15(Suppl 3): 1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey M, Fraser IS (2000b) The structure of endometrial microvessels. Hum Reprod 15(Suppl 3): 57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Insler V, Bettendorf G (1977) The uterine cervix in reproduction. Thieme, Stuttgart New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Insler V, Glezerman M, Bernstein O et al. (1981) Cervical crypts and their role in storing spermatozoa. In: Insler V, Bettendorf G (eds) Advances in diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Elsevier, North Holland New York, p 195

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivell R (2002) Persönlliche Mitteilung

    Google Scholar 

  • Jirasek JE (1971) Development of the genital system and male pseudohermaphroditism. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Jirasek JE (1976) Principles of reproductive endocrinology. In: Simpson JL (ed) Disorders of sexual differentiation. Academic Press, New York, p 51

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MH (2007) Essential reproduction, 6th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Malden Oxford Victoria, p 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Josso N (1986) Antimullerian hormone: new perspectives for a sexist hormone. Endocrine Review 4: 421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Julkunen M, Koistinen R, Aalto-Setala K et al. (1988) Primary structure of human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein/placental protein 12 and tissue-specific expression of its mRNA. FEBS Lett 236: 295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaleva M, Toppari J (2005) Cryptorchism: an indicator of testicular dysgenesis? Cell Tissue Res 322: 167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kastner P, Krust A, Turcotte B et al. (1990) Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. EMBO J 9: 1603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy TG (1987) Interactions of eicosanoids and other factors in blastocyst implantation. In: Hillier K (ed) Eicosanoids and reproduction. MTP, Lancaster, p 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiss H, Walter I, Lehner R et al. (1998) Lectin histochemistry of fallopian tube epithelial cells. Relation to ovum transport and ovum pickup. J Reprod Med 43: 535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi A, Behringer RR (2003) Developmental genetics of the female reproductive tract in mammals. Nature Rev Genetics 4: 969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz G, Beil D, Deininger H et al. (1996) The dynamics of rapid sperm transport through the femal genital tract: evidence from vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy. Human Reprod 11: 101

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachman MF, Berman MM (1991) The ectopic ovary. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 115: 233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lei ZM, Toth P, Rao CV, Pridham D (1993) Novel coexpression of human chorionic (hCG)/human luteinizing hormone receptors and their ligand hCG in human Fallopian tubes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 863

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Killam AP, Metzger DA et al. (1988) Immunohistochemical analysis of human uterine estrogen and progesterone receptors throughout the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67: 334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Damjanovich L, Coutifaris C et al. (1992) Integrin adhesion molecules in the human endometrium. Correlation with the normal and abnormal menstrual cycle. J Clin Invest 90: 188–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Castelbaum AJ, Buck CA et al. (1994) Further characterization of endometrial integrins during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. Fertil Steril 62: 497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Castelbaum AJ, Sawin SW, Sun J (1995) Integrins as markers of uterine receptivity in women with primary unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 63: 535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludbrook LM, Harley VR (2004) Sex determination: a “window” of DAX1 activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 15: 116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig KS (1969) Normale Entwicklung und Entwicklungsstörungen des weiblichen Genitale. In: Käser O, Friedberg V, Ober KG, Thomsen K, Zander J (Hrsg.) Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Bd I. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S. 71

    Google Scholar 

  • McElreavy K, Vilain E, Abbas N et al. (1992) XY sex reversal associated with a deletion 5′ to the SRY “HMG box” in the testis-determining region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11016

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller C, Degenhardt K, Sassoon DA (1998) Fetal exposure to DES results in de-regulation of Wnta during uterine morphogenesis. Nature Genet 20: 228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer ST, Swan MA (1995) Variable kinematics of capacitating human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 10: 3178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motta T, Marchini M, Fadin M (1993) Successive transperitoneal migration of ova in a woman with extensive pelvic adhesions. Fertil Steril 59: 1311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy LJ, Luo JM (1989) Effects of cycloheximide on hepatic and uterine insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 64: 81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann F (1995) Endokrinologie der Geschlechtsentwicklung. Gynäkologe 28: 12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noyes RW, Hertig AT, Rock J (1950) Dating the endometrial biopsy. Fertil Steril 1: 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozisik G, Achermann J, Jameson JL (2002) The role of SF1 in adrenal and reproductive function: insight from naturally occurring mutations in humans. Mol Genet Metab 76: 85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parr MB, Parr EL (1989) The implantation reaction. In: Wynn RM, Jollie WP (eds) Biology of the uterus. Plenum, New York, p 233

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez Martinez S, Viggiano M, Franchi AM et al. (2000) Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on ovum transport and oviductal smooth muscle activity in the rat oviduct. J Reprod Fertil 118: 111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer TL, Chegini N (1994) Immunohistochemical localization of insulinlike growth factor (IGF-I), IGF-I receptor, and IGF binding proteins 1–4 in human Fallopian tube at various reproductive stages. Biol Reprod 50: 281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollow K, Inthraphuvasak J, Manz B et al. (1981) A comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear estradiol and progesterone receptors in human fallopian tube and endometrial tissue. Fertil Steril 36: 615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popovici RM, Irwin JC, Giaccia AJ, Giudice LC (1999) Hypoxia and cAMP stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human endometrial stromal cells: potential relevance to menstruation and endometrial regeneration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 2245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price D, Zaaijer JJP, Ortiz E, Brinkmann AO (1975) Current views on embryonic sex differentiation in reptiles, birds and mammals. Am J Zoology 15(Suppl 1): 173

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralt D, Manor M, Cohen-Dayag A et al. (1994) Chemotaxis and chemokinesis of human spermatozoa to follicular factors. Biol Reprod 50: 774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve L, Ledger WL, Pacey AA (2003) Does the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) adhesion sequence play a role in mediating sperm interaction with the human endosalpinx? Hum Reprod 18: 1461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santoro N, Goldsmith LT, Heller D et al. (2000) Luteal progesterone relates to histological endometrial maturation in fertile women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seppälä M, Wahlström T, Julkunen M et al. (1988) Endometrial proteins as indicators of endometrial function. In: Tomoda Y, Mizutani S, Narita O, Klopper A (eds) Placental and endometrial proteins: basic and clinical aspects. VNU Science, Utrecht, p 35

    Google Scholar 

  • Shifren JL, Tseng JF, Zaloudek CJ et al. (1996) Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 3112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JL (1976) Development of the ovary. In: Simpson JL (ed) Disorders of sexual differentiation. Academic Press, New York, p 75

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair AH, Berta P, Palmer MS et al. (1990) A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature 346: 240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SK, Kelly RW (1988) The release of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 from separated cells of human endometrium and decidua. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 33: 91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stark K, Vainio S, Vassileva G, McMahon AP (1994) Epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney regulated by Wnt-4. Nature 372: 679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strowitzki T, Germeyer A, Popovici RM, von Wolff M (2006) The human endometrium as a fertility determining factor. Hum Reprod Update 12: 617–630

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suarez SS, Pacey AA (2006) Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract. Hum Reprod Update 12: 23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang XM, Chegini N (1995) Human Fallopian tube as an extra-ovarian source of relaxin: messenger ribonucleic acid expression and cellular localization of immunoreactive protein and 1251-relaxin binding sites. Biol Reprod 52: 1343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor HS, Vanden Heuvel GB, Igarashi P (1997) A conserved Hox axis in the mouse and human female reproductive system: late establishment and persistent adult expression of the Hoxa cluster genes. Biol Reprod 57: 1338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tessier C, Prigent-Tessier A, Ferguson-Gottschall S et al. (2001) PRL antiapoptotic effect in the rat decidua involves the PI3 K/protein kinase B-mediated inhibition of caspase-3 activity. Endocrinology 142: 4086

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vainio S, Heikkila M, Kispert A et al. (1999) Female development in mammals is regulated by Wnt-4 signalling. Nature 397: 405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaskivuo TE, Anttonen M, Herva R et al. (2001) Survival of human ovarian follicles from fetal to adult life: apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins, and transcription factor GATA-4. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 3421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velasquez LA, Maisey K, Fernandez R et al. (2001) PAF receptor and PAF acetylhydrolase expression in the endosalpinx of the human Fallopian tube: possible role of embryo-derived PAF in the control of embryo transport to the uterus. Hum Reprod 16: 1583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Wolff M, Thaler CJ, Strowitzki T et al. (2000) Regulated expression of cytokines in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle: dysregulation in habitual abortion. Mol Hum Reprod 6: 627–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Wolff M, Strowitzki T, Becker V et al. (2001) Endometrial osteopontin, a ligand of beta3-integrin, is maximally expressed around the time of the “implantation window”. Fertil Steril 76: 775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wartenberg H (1985) Die Entwicklung der Harn-und Geschlechtsorgane. In: Benninghoff A (Hrsg.) Makroskopische und mikroskopische Anatomie des Menschen, Bd II. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S. 399

    Google Scholar 

  • Wartenberg H (1990) Entwicklung der Genitalorgane und Bildung der Gameten. In: Hinrichsen KV (Hrsg.) Humanembryologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, S. 744

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijayagunawardane MP, Miyamoto A, Taquahashi Y et al. (2001) In vitro regulation of local secretion and contraction of the bovine oviduct: stimulation by luteinizing hormone, endothelin-1 and prostaglandins, and inhibition by oxytocin J Endocrinol 168: 117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wildt L, Kissler S, Licht P, Becker W (1998) Sperm transport in the human female genital tract and its modulation by oxytocin as assessed by hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, hysterotonography, electrohysterography and Doppler sonography. Hum Reprod Update 4: 655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm D, Koopman P (2006) The makings of maleness: towards an integrated view of male sexual development. Nature Rev Genetics 7: 620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JB (1909) Studies on chromosomes IV. The “accessory” chromosome in Syromastes and Pyrrhoccoris with a comparative review of the types of sexual differences of the chromosome groups. J Exp Zool 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarcone R, Vicinanza G, Carfora E, Colacurci N (1996) Extrauterine pregnancy: epidemiology and etiology. Minerva Ginecol 48: 283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou J, Dsupin BA, Giudice LC, Bondy CA (1994) Insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79: 1723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strowitzki, T. (2009). Entwicklung und Funktion der weiblichen Fortpflanzungsorgane. In: Leidenberger, F., Strowitzki, T., Ortmann, O. (eds) Klinische Endokrinologie für Frauenärzte. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89760-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89760-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89759-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89760-6

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics