Abstract
The heart has a strong endogenous cardioprotection mechanism that can be triggered by short periods of ischaemia (like during angina) and protects the myocardium during a subsequent ischaemic event (like during a myocardial infarction). This important mechanism, called ischaemic pre-conditioning, has been extensively investigated, but the practical relevance of an intervention by inducing ischaemia is mainly limited to experimental situations. Research that is more recent has shown that many volatile anaesthetics can induce a similar cardioprotection mechanism, which would be clinically more relevant than inducing cardioprotection by ischaemia. In the last few decades, several laboratory investigations have shown that exposure to inhalational anaesthetics leads to a variety of changes in the protein structure of the myocardium. By a functional blockade of these modified (i.e. activated) target enzymes, it was demonstrated that some of these changes in protein structure and distribution can mediate cardioprotection by anaesthetic pre-conditioning. This chapter gives an overview of our current understanding of the signal transduction of this phenomenon. In addition to an intervention before ischaemia (i.e. pre-conditioning), there are two more time windows when a substance may interact with the ischaemia-reperfusion process and might modify the extent of injury: (1) during ischaemia or (2) after ischaemia (i.e. during reperfusion) (postconditioning). In animal experiments, the volatile anaesthetics also interact with these mechanisms (especially immediately after ischaemia), i.e. by post-conditioning. Since ischaemia-reperfusion of the heart routinely occurs in a variety of clinical situations such as during transplant surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, valve repair or vascular surgery, anaesthetic-induced cardioprotection might be a promising option to protect the myocardium in clinical situations. Initial studies now confirm an effect on surrogate outcome parameters such as length of ICU or in-hospital stay or post-ischaemic troponin release. In this chapter, we will summarize our current understanding of the three mechanisms of anaesthetic cardioprotection exerted by inhalational anaesthetics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weber, N.C., Schlack, W. (2008). Inhalational Anaesthetics and Cardioprotection. In: Schüttler, J., Schwilden, H. (eds) Modern Anesthetics. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 182. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72813-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74806-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)