Abstract
The most effortless posture in humans occurs when anatomical structures that participate in upright posture are aligned with the line of gravity or close to it. In kyphosis and forward thrust of the head, weight of the head will add to the deforming forces of the spine and further development of kyphosis. With bone loss, spinal deformities develop subsequent to the repetitive strain beyond biomechanical competence of the spine. Proper intervention could be biomechanical and include re-education of the spinal facet joints to the correct posture. Among the complications related to kyphosis, I will address flank pain or iliocostal impingement syndrome. There is a paucity of literature on the management of osteoporosis-related postural deformities. In this communication, I present interventions through biomechanical measures and facilitation of exercise to improve postural deformities as much as possible.
Also, kyphosis causes relative imbalance between body’s center of gravity and the base of support, which increases unsteadiness of gait. Furthermore, aging attenuates vestibulospinal reflexes and also affects proprioception; consequently, there are body sway and fear of falls. This would decrease participation in physical activities. Therefore, measures that can improve posture and decrease disequilibrium can contribute to a reduction in the risk of falls. Any rehabilitative and/or mechanical intervention that can decrease the use of pharmacotherapy and analgesics in elderly patients is highly recommended and would decrease the risk of falls related to sedation effect in this age group.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sinaki M, Itoi E, Rogers JW, Bergstralh EJ, Wahner HW. Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogen-deficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75(5):370–4.
Meyer H. Von:Static ans Mechanik des Menschlichen Knochengerustes.Leipzig; 1873.
Sinaki M, Brey RH, Hughes CA, Larson DR, Kaufman KR. Balance disorder and increased risk of falls in osteoporosis and kyphosis: significance of kyphotic posture and muscle strength. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(8):1004–10.
Sinaki M. Kinematics of headaches related to occipito-cervicothoracolumbar malposture: significance of axial muscles in headaches. J Headache Pain. 2010;11:S26.
Sjaastad O, Bakketeig LS. Prevalence of cervicogenic headache: Vågå study of headache epidemiology. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;117(3):173–80. Epub 2007 Nov 20.
Originally published in abstract form: Sinaki M. Iliocostal impingement syndrome/flank and back pain in osteoporosis/osteopenia: successful management through spinal proprioceptive extension exercises dynamic (SPEED) program. Osteoporos Int J. 2014. Study published in full in Brubaker ML, Sinaki M. Successful management of iliocostal impingement syndrome: A case series. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2016;40(3):384–7.
Hongo M,Miyakoshi N,Shimada Y,Sinaki M. Association of spinal curve deformity and back extensor strength in elderly women with osteoporosis in Japan and the United States. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(3)1029–34.
Sinaki M, Wollan P, Scott R, Gelczer R. Can strong back extensors prevent vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis? Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71(10):951–6.
Wynne AT, Nelson MA, Nordin BE. Costo-iliac impingement syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67(I):124–5.
Hirschberg GG, Williams KA, Byrd JG. Medical management of iliocostal pain. Cerialrics. 1992;47(9):62–3. 6&–67
Brubaker ML, Sinaki M. Successful management of iliocostal impingement syndrome: a case series. Intn’l Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO). 2015.
Sinaki M, Pfeifer M. Treatment of vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis. Osteologie. 2015;24:7–10.
Gauchard GC, Gangloff P, Jeandel C, Perrin PP. Physical activity improves gaze and posture control in the elderly. Neurosci Res. 2003;45(4):409–17.
Tinetti ME, Richman D, Powell L. Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. J Gerontol. 1990;45:P239–43.
Lynn SG, Sinaki M, Westerlind KC. Balance characteristics of persons with osteoporosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:273–7.
Nelson ME, Fiatarone MA, Morganti CM, et al. Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1994;272:1909–14.
Sinaki M, Lynn SG. Reducing the risk of falls through proprioceptive dynamic posture training in osteoporotic women with kyphotic posturing—a randomized pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;81(4):241–6.
Sinaki M, Brey RH, Hughes CA, Larson DR, Kaufman KR. Significant reduction in risk of falls and back pain in osteoporotic-kyphotic women through a spinal proprioceptive extension exercise dynamic (SPEED) program. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(7):849–55.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sinaki, M. (2017). Postural Changes in Osteoporosis: Musculoskeletal Consequences. In: Sinaki, M., Pfeifer, M. (eds) Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54016-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54016-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54014-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54016-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)