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Autism

  • Chapter
Handbook of Effective Psychotherapy

Part of the book series: The Plenum Behavior Therapy Series ((PBTS))

Abstract

Of all the diagnostic categories in DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association[APA]), Autistic Disorder may be associated with the most severe impairment in functioning. It begins at birth or within the first 2 or 3 years of life, and problems persist into adulthood in over 95% of untreated cases (Lotter, 1978; Rumsey, Rapoport, & Sceery, 1985; Rutter, 1970). About half of autistic individuals are unable to speak in words (Eisenberg, 1956; Rutter, 1970). Most of the rest do not speak communicatively. Instead, they simply echo what others say or repeat phrases over and over again (Kanner, 1943). When autistic individuals do have communicative speech, it is usually less advanced than that of their peers, and its content may be limited to stating demands or delivering monologues on topics that the speaker is preoccupied with, such as the weather (Rutter, 1970). Typically, autistic individuals make their needs known by taking others by the hand and pulling them over to what they want. They may lack other nonverbal forms of communication such as pointing, waving goodbye, nodding their head to mean “yes,” shaking their head to mean “no,” or motioning others to come toward them (Attwood, Frith, & Hermelin, 1988; Mundy, Sigman, Ungerer, & Sherman, 1986).

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90024-1563, USA

    Tristram Smith

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  1. Associates in Managed Care, 10200 East Girard Avenue, Suite C-356, Denver, Colorado, 80231, USA

    Thomas R. Giles

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Smith, T. (1993). Autism. In: Giles, T.R. (eds) Handbook of Effective Psychotherapy. The Plenum Behavior Therapy Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2914-9_5

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