Abstract
The counterregulatory hormones (catecholamines, glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone) can modulate the effects of insulin and, thus, influence the diabetic state under a variety of conditions. This can be beneficial to the diabetics when the hormones counteract the effect of an excessive insulin level, such as a hypoglycemia. However, under other situations they may be to a disadvantage since the glucose control deteriorates and the insulin requirements increase unpredictably.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J. Gerich, M. Mokau, T. Veneman, M. Korytkowski and A. Mitrakon. Hypoglycemia unawareness. Endocr. Rev. 12:356–371 (1991).
S. Attvall, J. Fowelin, H. von Schenck, U. Smith and I. Lager. Insulin-antagonistic effects of pulsatile and continuous glucagon infusions in man — a comparsion with the effect of adrenaline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74:1110–1115 (1992).
G. Paolisso, S. Buonocore, S. Gentile, S. Sgambato, M. Varrichio, A. Sheen, FD Onofrio and P. Lefebvre. Pulsatile glucagon has greater hyperglycaemic, lipolytic and ketogenic effects than continuous hormone delivery in man: The effect of age. Diabetologia 32:272–277 (1990).
J. Fowelin, S. Attvall, H. von Schenck, U. Smith, and I. Lager. Characterization of the insulin-antagonistic effect of growth hormone in man. Diabetologia 34:500–506 (1991).
I. Lager, G. Blohmé, and U. Smith. Effect of cardioselective and non-selective ß-blockade on the hypoglycaemic response in insulin-dependent diabetics. Lancet 1:458–462 (1979).
J.E. Gerich, M. Langlois, C. Noacco, J.H. Karam, and P.H. Forsham. Lack of glucagon response to hypoglycemia in diabetes. Science 182:171–173 (1973).
J. Fowelin, S. Attvall, H. von Schenck, U. Smith, and I. Lager. Combined effect of growth hormone and cortisol on late posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes 38:1357–1364 (1989).
S. Attvall, B-M. Eriksson, J. Fowelin, H. von Schenck, I. Lager, and U. Smith. Early posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in man is mainly an effect of ß-adrenergic stimulation. J. Clin. Invest. 80:437–442 (1987).
K.M. Tordjman, C.E. Havlin, C.A. Levandovski, N.H. White, J. Santiago, and P.E. Cryer. Failure of nocturnal hypoglycemia to cause fasting hyperglycemia in patients with IDDM. N. Enql. J. Med. 317:1552–1559 (1987).
J. Fowelin, S. Attvall, H. von Schenk, U. Smith, and I. Lager. Postprandial hyperglycaemia following a morning hypoglycaemia in type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine 7:156–161 (1990).
S. Attvall, J. Fowelin, I. Lager, and U. Smith. Smoking induces insulin resistance — a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome. J. Intern. Med. In press (1993).
P. Cryer, M. Raymond, J. Santiago, and S. Shah. Norepine-phrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking — associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N. Enql. J. Med. 295:573–577 (1976).
F. Facchini, C. Hollenbeck, J. Jeppesen, I. Chen, and G. Reaven. Insulin resistance and smoking. Lancet 339:1128–1130 (1992).
H. Yki-Järvinen, E. Helve, and V. Koivisto. Hyperglycemia decreases glucose uptake in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 36:892–896 (1987).
J. Fowelin, S. Attvall, H. von Schenk, B-Å. Bengtsson. U. Smith, and I. Lager. Effect of prolonged hyperglycemia on growth hormone levels and insulin sensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism — in press (1993).
U. Smith, M. Kuroda, and I.A. Simpson. Counter-regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by catecholamines in the isolated rat adipose cell. J. Biol. Chem. 259:8758–8763 (1984).
P. Lönnroth, I. Davis, I. Lönnroth, and U. Smith. The interaction between the adenylate cyclase system and insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Biochem. J. 243:789–795 (1987).
M. Kuroda, R.C. Honnor, S.W. Cushman, C. Londos, and I.A. Simpson. Regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in the isolated rat adipocyte. J. Biol. Chem. 262:245–253 (1987).
H. Häring, D. Kirsch, B. Obermaier, B. Ermel, and F. Machicao. Decreased tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptors isolated from rat adipocytes rendered insulin-resistant by catecholamine treatment in vitro. Biochem. J. 234:59–66 (1986).
P. Lönnroth, K.C. Appell, C. Wesslau, S. Cushman, I. Simpson, and U. Smith. Insulin-induced subcellular redistribution of insulinlike growth factor II receptors in the rat adipose cell. Counterregulatory effects of isoproterenol, adenosine, and cAMP analogues. J. Biol. Chem. 263:15386–15391 (1988).
S. Vanucci, H. Nishimura, S. Satoh, S.W. Cushman, G.D. Holman, and I.A. Simpson. Cell surface accessibility of GLUT 4 glucose transporters in insulin-stimulated rat adipose cells. Modulation by isoproterenol and adenosine. Biochem. J. 288:325–330 (1992).
C. Wesslau. The role of cAMP and Gi protein in modulating the actions of insulin and beta-adrenergic agonists. Academic dissertation, University of Göteborg (1992).
P. Lönnroth, and U. Smith. ß-adrenergic dependent down-regulation of insulin binding in rat adipocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 112:972–979 (1983).
J.E. Pessin, W. Gitomer, Y. Oka, C.L. Oppenheimer, and M.P. Czech. ß-adrenergic regulation of insulin and epidermal growth factor receptors in rat adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 258:7386–7394 (1983).
J. Eriksson, P. Lönnroth, and U. Smith. Insulin can rapidly increase cell surface insulin binding capacity in rat adipocytes. Diabetes 41:707–714 (1992).
J.W. Eriksson, P. Lönnroth, and U. Smith. Vanadate increases cell surface insulin binding and improves insulin sensitivity in both normal and insulin-resistant rat adipocytes. Diabetoloqia 35:510–511 (1992).
J.W. Eriksson, P. Lönnroth, and U. Smith. cAMP impairs the rapid effect of insulin to enhance cell surface insulin binding capacity in rat adipocytes. Biochem. J. 288:625–629 (1992).
I. A. Simpson, and S.W. Cushman. Hormonal regulation of mammalian glucose transport. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:1059–1089 (1986).
T.M. Kaestner, J.R. Flores-Riveros, J.C. McLenithan, M. Janicot, and M.D. Lane. Transcriptional regression of the mouse insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene by cAMP. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:1933–1937 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, U., Attvall, S., Eriksson, J., Fowelin, J., Lönnroth, P., Wesslau, C. (1993). The Insulin-Antagonistic Effect of the Counterregulatory Hormones — Clinical and Mechanistic Aspects. In: Östenson, C.G., Efendić, S., Vranic, M. (eds) New Concepts in the Pathogenesis of NIDDM. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 334. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2910-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2910-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6262-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2910-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive