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Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Chapter
Mitochondrial Medicine

Definition. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common severe joint disease that involves all age groups, with maximum occurrence in young people and premenopausal women. There is a multifactorial cause of the disease, which includes genetic predisposition. It is characterized by typical chronic inflammation, initiated, and maintained via autoimmune mechanisms. The course of RA varies considerably. Acute exacerbations follow remissions. In general, the disease progresses and often leads to disability. This disease can shorten one’s life span by 10 years.

Clinical manifestations. The pathologic inflammatory process is located in the synovial membrane of joints, bursae, and tendons. Chronic synovitis leads to the erosion of cartilage and marginal bone, followed by destruction of joints. Various extraarticular manifestations developing due to serositis, rheumatic nodules, or vasculitis, can be severe. Approximately two thirds of RA patients have positive rheumatoid factors in their serum.

Therapy. The main targets of treatment of RA are (a) to induce a remission of the disease, (b) if this is not possible, then: suppress the inflammation, decrease the pain, maintain muscle power, maintain function, improve quality of life, and suppress destruction of joints. Treatment of RA combines nonpharmaceutical treatment (rehabilitation, physical therapy), and pharmaceutical therapy (nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs), disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Slovakia

    Jozef Rovenský M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.

  2. Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic

    Karel Pavelka M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.

  3. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Katarína Bauerová Ph.D.

  4. Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Jarmila Kucharská Ph.D.

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  1. Jozef Rovenský M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.
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    Anna Gvozdjáková Ph.D., D.Sc.

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Rovenský, J., Pavelka, K., Bauerová, K., Kucharská, J. (2008). Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Gvozdjáková, A. (eds) Mitochondrial Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6714-3_11

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