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Sebaceous carcinoma: controversies and their evidence for clinical practice

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Abstract

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a potentially aggressive malignancy of periocular or extraocular skin. It arises sporadically or is associated with Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS). Here, we review three controversial clinical conundra related to the diagnosis and treatment of SC and offer evidence-based recommendations. First, following a diagnosis of SC, deciding which patients to screen for MTS can be challenging. The Mayo MTS Risk Score is a clinical score that incorporates the key cutaneous findings in MTS but relies heavily on personal and family history that may not be available at the time of SC diagnosis, especially in young patients. Young patients, who have extraocular SC and are suspected to have MTS though do not meet criteria by Mayo MTS Risk Score, should have their tumors tested using immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins. Second, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is used in periocular SC to evaluate nodal disease. Patient selection is critical for SLNB. Periocular SC stage ≥ T2c (by American Joint Commission on Cancer, 8th edition) may be considered for SLNB given positivity rates over fifteen percent in expert hands. Lastly, treatment of metastatic SC is an area of active investigation. When possible, tumor profiling may be used to select targeted agents. Future research into these three key questions is needed.

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  1. Nour Kibbi, Brandon Worley and Joshua L. Owen contributed equally to the manuscript

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Nour Kibbi

  2. Division of Dermatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Brandon Worley

  3. Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Joshua L. Owen, Ryan C. Kelm, Emily Poon & Murad Alam

  4. University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Christopher K. Bichakjian

  5. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sunandana Chandra

  6. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Hakan Demirci

  7. Department of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    John Kim

  8. Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA

    Kishwer S. Nehal

  9. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    J. Regan Thomas

  10. Department of Dermatology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Arkes Family Pavilion, 676 N Saint Clair Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Murad Alam

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Kibbi, N., Worley, B., Owen, J.L. et al. Sebaceous carcinoma: controversies and their evidence for clinical practice. Arch Dermatol Res 312, 25–31 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-019-01971-4

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