Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Posimetry and Dose Calculation

  • Chapter
Liver Radioembolization with 90Y Microspheres

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Two components relate to the topic of dosimetry in microsphere therapy. Dose (Gy) that is desired to be delivered to tumor tissue in the liver; and the activity (GBq) of yttrium-90 (90Y) delivered to the target organ. Classically, dosimetry is a Radiation Oncology term for the estimation of the absorbed dose expressed in units of Gy of radiation in tissue that will be or has been delivered. For microsphere treatment, it is more appropriate to describe an activity of radiation that will be implanted into the liver tumors, as there is not yet a proven way of preplan or post-plan confirmation of the absorbed dose in the target tissue. In other brachytherapy sites, seeds measuring several millimeters in size can be readily identified on CT scan or plain film and the resultant absorbed dose in the tissue calculated by hand or software solution. Microsphere implantation is a hybrid of interstitial brachytherapy and radioactive liquid therapy which at the present time is more accurately characterized by Nuclear Medicine conventions (Medical Internal Radiation Dose, MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine [1] MIRD [2-5] and Partition Model [6, 7] than current or historical brachytherapy dose calculation methods (Patterson Parker, Point Source, and Volume Implant Rules).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Toohey RE, Stabin MG, Watson EE (2000) The AAPM/ RSNA physics tutorial for residents: internal radiation dosimetry: principles and applications. Radiographics 20:533–546; quiz 531-532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gulec SA, Mesoloras G, Stabin M (2006) Dosimetric techniques in 90Y-microsphere therapy of liver cancer: the MIRD equations for dose calculations. J Nucl Med 47:1209–1211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stabin M (2006) Nuclear medicine dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 51:R187–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Stabin MG, Konijnenberg MW (2000) Re-evaluation of absorbed fractions for photons and electrons in spheres of various sizes. J Nucl Med 41:149–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Stabin MG, Siegel JA (2003) Physical models and dose factors for use in internal dose assessment. Health Phys 85:294–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sarfaraz M, Kennedy AS, Cao ZJ, Sackett GD, Yu CX, Lodge MA, Murthy R, Line BR, Van Echo DA (2003) Physical aspects of yttrium-90 microsphere therapy for nonresectable hepatic tumors. Med Phys 30:199–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sarfaraz M, Kennedy AS, Lodge MA et al (2004) Radiation absorbed dose distribution in a patient treated with yttrium-90 microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Phys 31:2449–2453

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dawson LA (2005) Hepatic arterial yttrium 90 microspheres: another treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16:161–164

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dawson LA, Lawrence TS (2004) The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of liver métastases. Cancer J 10:139–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dawson LA, Ten Haken RK (2005) Partial volume tolerance of the liver to radiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 15:279–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fajardo LF, Berthrong M, Anderson RE (2001) Liver. In: Radiation pathology, 1st edn. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 249–257

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fajardo LF, Colby TV (1980) Pathogenesis of veno-occlusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:584–588

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bolliger A, Inglis K (1933) Experimental liver disease produced by x-ray irradiation of the exposed organ. J Pathol 36:19–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Doub HP, Bolliger A, Hartman FW (1925) Radiation sickness in dog. Am J Roentgenol 13:54

    Google Scholar 

  15. Doub HP, Hartman FW, Bolliger A (1927) X-rays in the canine liver. Radiology 8:142

    Google Scholar 

  16. Warren LS (1928) Physiological effects of X-rays. Physiological Reviews 8:114

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kennedy AS, Nutting C, Coldwell D et al (2004) Pathologic response and microdosimetry of 90Y microspheres in man: review of four explanted whole livers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:1552–1563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pillai KM, McKeever PE, Knutsen CA et al (1991) Microscopic analysis of arterial microsphere distribution in rabbit liver and hepatic VX2 tumor. Selective Cancer Therapeutics 7:39–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ya PM, Guzman T, Loken MK et al (1961) Isotope localization with tagged microspheres. Surgery 49:644–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim YS, LaFave JW, MacLean LD (1962) The use of radiating microspheres in the treatment of experimental and human malignancy. Surgery 52:220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chamberlain MN, Gray BN, Heggie JC et al (1983) Hepatic métastases-a physiological approach to treatment. Br J Surg 70:596–598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Grady_ED, Sale WT, Rollins LC (1963) Localization of radioactivity by intravascular injection of large radioactive particles. Ann Surg 157:97–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Blanchard RJ, Grotenhuis I, LaFave JW (1964) Treatment of experimental tumors: utilization of radioactive microspheres. Arch Surg 89:406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Burton MA, Gray BN, Jones C et al (1989) Intraoperative dosimetry of 90Y in liver tissue. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 16:495–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Burton MA, Gray BN, Kelleher DK et al (1990) Selective internal radiation therapy: validation of intraoperative dosimetry. Radiology 175:253–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burton MA, Gray BN, Klemp PF et al (1989) Selective internal radiation therapy: distribution of radiation in the liver. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25:1487–1491

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gray BN, Burton MA, Kelleher D et al (1990) Tolerance of the liver to the effects of Yttrium-90 radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18:619–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fox RA, Klemp PF, Egan G et al (1991) Dose distribution following selective internal radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21:463–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Campbell AM, Bailey IH, Burton MA (2000) Analysis of the distribution of intra-arterial microspheres in human liver following hepatic yttrium-90 microsphere therapy. Phys Med Biol 45:1023–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Campbell AM, Bailey IH, Burton MA (2001) Tumor dosimetry in human liver following hepatic yttrium-90 microsphere therapy. Phys Med Biol 46:487–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kennedy AS, Coldwell D, Nutting C et al (2004) 90Y-mi-crospheres in the treatment of colorectal métastases: USA experience. In: Khayat D, Hortobagyi GN (eds) Fifteenth International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment. Paris, France, T.C.O., p 285

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kennedy AS, Dezarn WA, McNeillie P et al (2007) Factors related to toxicity and response in 680 treatments of resin 90Y-microsphere radioembolization in hepatic malignancies. Proceedings of the 18th International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment, Paris, France, February 2007

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ho S, Lau WY, Leung TW et al (1997) Clinical evaluation of the partition model for estimating radiation doses from yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of hepatic cancer. Eur J Nucl Med 24:293–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ho S, Lau WY, Leung TW et al (1996) Partition model for estimating radiation doses from yttrium-90 microspheres in treating hepatic tumours. Eur J Nucl Med 23:947–952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Van Hazel G, Blackwell A, Anderson J, Price D, Moroz P, Bower G, Cardaci J, Gray B (2004) Randomised phase II trial of SIR-spheres plus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy versus fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy alone in advanced colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 88:78–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kennedy AS, Dezarn WA, McNeillie P et al (2006) Fractionation, dose selection, and response of hepatic métastases of neuroendocrine tumors after 90Y-microsphere brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 5:103–104

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kennedy AS, Dezarn WA, McNeillie P et al (2006) Dose selection of resin 9°Y-microspheres for liver brachytherapy: a single center review. Brachytherapy 5:104

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gray BN, Burton MA, Kelleher DK et al (1989) Selective internal radiation (SIR) therapy for treatment of liver métastases: measurement of response rate. J Surg Oncol 42:192–196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Burton MA, Gray BN, Coletti A (1988) Effect of angiotensin II on blood flow in the transplanted sheep squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 24:1373–1376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Burton MA, Gray BN, Self GW et al (1985) Manipulation of experimental rat and rabbit liver tumor blood flow with angiotensin II. Cancer Res 45:5390–5393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gray BN, Anderson JE, Burton MA et al (1992) Regression of liver métastases following treatment with yttrium-90 microspheres. Aust N Z J Surg 62:105–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wu Y, Cahill PA, Sitzmann JV (1996) Decreased angiotensin II receptors mediate decreased vascular response in hepatocellular cancer. Ann Surg 223:225–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Anderson JH, Angerson WJ, Willmott N et al (1992) Is there a relationship between regional microsphere distribution and hepatic arterial blood flow? Br J Cancer 66:287–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Goldberg JA, Murray T, Kerr DJ et al (1991) The use of angiotensin II as a potential method of targeting cytotoxic microspheres in patients with intrahepatic tumour. Br J Cancer 63:308–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Anderson JH, Angerson WJ, Willmott N et al (1991) Regional delivery of microspheres to liver métastases: the effects of particle size and concentration on intrahepatic distribution. Br J Cancer 64:1031–1034

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Archer SG, Gray BN (1989) Vascularization of small liver métastases. Br J Surg 76:545–548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Goldberg JA, Kerr DJ, Willmott N et al (1988) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of locoregional 5 fluorouracil (5FU) in advanced colorectal liver métastases. Br J Cancer 57:186–189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Goldberg JA, Bradnam MS, Kerr DJ et al (1987) Single photon emission computed tomographic studies (SPECT) of hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy (HAPS) in patients with colorectal liver métastases: improved tumour targetting by microspheres with angiotensin II. Nucl Med Commun 8:1025–1032

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gulec SA, Mesoloras G, Dezarn WA et al (2006) Safety and efficacy evaluation of Y-90 microsphere treatment using medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIRD) in patients with liver malignancies. J Nucl Med 47:493P

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ho S, Lau WY, Leung TW et al (1997) Tumour-to-normal uptake ratio of 90Y microspheres in hepatic cancer assessed with 99Tcm macroaggregated albumin. Br J Radiol 70:823–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sarfaraz M, Kennedy AS, Cao ZJ et al (2001) Radiation dose distribution in patients treated with Y-90 microspheres for non-resectable hepatic tumors. Int J Rad Biol Phys 51:32–3

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. PLLC, Wake Radiology Oncology, 300 Ashville Avenue, Suite 110, Cary, NC, 27511, USA

    Andrew S. Kennedy MD, FACRO & William A. Dezarn PhD, DABR

  2. Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Patrick McNeillie BS, MSI

Authors
  1. Andrew S. Kennedy MD, FACRO
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William A. Dezarn PhD, DABR
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Patrick McNeillie BS, MSI
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida de Pio XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    José I. Bilbao PhD (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals - Grosshadern and Innenstadt Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Maximilian F. Reiser MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kennedy, A.S., Dezarn, W.A., McNeillie, P. (2008). Posimetry and Dose Calculation. In: Bilbao, J.I., Reiser, M.F. (eds) Liver Radioembolization with 90Y Microspheres. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35423-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35423-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35421-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35423-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation