Abstract
Lepidoptera comprise butterflies and moths, which are characterised by two pairs of wings covered by easily detachable scales, often vividly coloured in striking patterns. The developmental stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult correspond to similar stages in other endopterygote insects. Although there is no clear–cut distinction between moths and butterflies, it can be stated that in general butterflies have clubbed antennae and almost without exception rest with the wings pressed closely together over the back, whilst most moths have thread–like or feathery antennae and rest with the wings folded close to the sides of the body (Hyde 1974; M. R. Shaw 1982, personal communication).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allard HF, Allard HA (1958) Venomous moths and butterflies. J Wash Acad Sei 48: 18–21
Anderson J (1884) The urticating properties of the hairs of some lepidoptera. Entomologist 17: 275–276
Baiding G (1884) Of the irritating properties of the hairs of Liparis chrysorrhoea. Entomologist 17: 256–257
Baiding G (1884) Of the irritating properties of the hairs of Liparis chrysorrhoea. Entomologist 17: 256–257
Baiding G (1885) Concerning the irritating properties of caterpillars. Entomologist 18: 41–43
Beaucher WN, Farnham JE (1982) Gypsy moth eaterpillar dermatitis N Eng J Med 306: 1301–1302
Bishop FC (1923) The puss eaterpillar and the effects of its sting on man. US Dept of Agriculture Circular No 288. US Govt Printing Office, Washington DC, pp 1–14
Bishop JW, Morton MR (1968) Caterpillar hair keratoconjunctivitis. Med J Aust 2: 995–997
Blair CP (1979) The browntail moth, its eaterpillar and their rash. Clin Exp Dermatol 4: 215–222
Bleumink E, De Jong MCJM Kawamoto F, Meyer GT, Kloostermuis AJ, Slijper-Pal IJ (1982) Protease activities in the spicule venom of Euproctis caterpillars. Toxicon 20: 607–613
Boye R (1932) La papillonite Guyanaise. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 25: 1099–1107
Caffrey DJ (1918) Notes on the poisonous urticating spines of Hemileuca oliviae larvae. J Econ Entomol 11: 363–367
Carter DJ (1979) The observer’s book of caterpillars. Warne, London
Castle WF (1924) Dermatitis due to caterpillars. Br Med J 2: 218
Chapman RF (1971) The insects. Structure and funetion. English Universities Press, London
Che verton RL (1936) Irritation caused by contact with the processionary eaterpillar (larva of Thaumetopoea wilkinsonii Tams) and its nest. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 29: 555–558
Cleland JB (1920) Papulo–urticarial rashes caused by the hairlets of caterpillars of the moth (Euproctis edwardsii Ne’wman). Med J Aust 1: 169–170
Cockerell TDA (1885) On Porthesia similis (chrysorrhoea) irritation. Entomologist 18: 74–75
Corkey JA (1955) Ophthalmia nodosa due to caterpillar hairs. Br J Ophthalmol 39: 301–306
Cuypers JMC, Hoedemaeker PhJ, Natel JP, and De Jong MCJM (1975) The histopathology of fibreglass dermatitis in relation to von Hebra’s concept of eczema. Contact Dermatitis 1: 88–95
Dallas ED (1926) Eritema generalizado producida por un lepidoptero. Rev Soc Entomol Argent 2: 63–64
Dallas ED (1927) Nota sobre dermitis por “Hylesia”. Sem Med 14: 896
Dallas ED (1928) Nota sobra Lepidopterismo en la Republica Argentina. Cuarta Reunion Soc Argent Patol Reg Norte 4: 691–694
Dallas ED (1933) Otro caso de dermitis extendida producida por un lepidoptero y notas sobre Hylesia nigricans Berg (Lip. Bombycidae). Reunion Soc Argent Patol Reg 2: 469–470
D’Avanzo G (1952) La dermatite da contatto provocata da farfalle del Genere Hylesia (‘Yellowtail moth dermatitis’ o ‘Caripito itch’). Med Lav 43: 439–452
De Jong MCJM (1980) A safe and rapid method of colleeting the urticating hairs from Euproctis caterpillars (Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae). Clin Exp Dermatol 5: 357–359
De Jong MCJM, Bleumink E (1977a) Investigative studies of the dermatitis caused by the larva of the browntail moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. ( Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). III Chemical analysis of skin reactive substance. Arch Dermatol Res 259: 247–262
De Jong MCJM, Bleumink E (1977b) Investigative studies of the dermatitis caused by the larva of the browntail moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. ( Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) IV. Further characterisation of skin reactive substances. Arch Dermatol Res 259: 263–281
De Jong MCJM, Bleumink E, Nater JP (1975) Investigative studies of the dermatitis caused by the larva of the browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.) I. Clinical and experimental findings. Arch Dermatol Res 253: 287–300
De Jong MCJM, Hoedemaeker PHJ, Jongebloed WL and Nater JP (1976) Investigative studies of the dermatitis caused by the larva of the browntail moth ( Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.) IL Histopathology of skin lesions and scanning electronmicroscopy of their causative State. Arch Dermatol Res 255: 177–191
Delbos J (1948) A propos de la dermatite des chenilles (Cnetocampa pityocampa). Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 55: 321
Delgado Quiroz A (1978) Venoms of Lepidoptera. In: Bettini S (ed) Arthropod venoms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 555–611 (Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol. 48 )
De Long S (1981) Mulberry tussock moth dermatitis. A study of an epidemic of unknown origin. J Epidemiol Community Health 35: 1–4
Dreyer V (1953) Ophthalmia nodosa. Acta Ophthalmol 31: 429–436
Fabre JH (1916) The life of the caterpillar. Translated by Teixeria de Mattos A. Dodd, Mead, New York
Fernald CH, Kirkland AH (1897) The brown tail moth ( Euproctis chrysorrhoea L ). Spec Bull Hatch Exp Station Mass Agric Coli, pp 3–15
Flecker H, McSweeney A (1944) Irritation produced by the procession caterpillar ( Ochrogaster contraria ). Med J Aust 2: 137–138
Foot NC (1922) Pathology of the dermatitis caused by Megalopyge opercularis, a Texan caterpillar. J Exp Med 35: 737–753
Froggatt WW (1911) Bagshelter caterpillars of the family Liperidae that are reported to kill stock. Agric Gaz N S Wales May 3, 443–447
Geserick H (1952) Beobachten bei Raupenhaarerkrankungen der äugen. Uber Konjunktivitis durch Raupenhaare, über das Eindringen und über die Wanderung von Raupenhaaren. Klin Monatsbl Augenheitk 120: 373–393
Gilmer PM (1923) The poison and poison apparatus of the white marked tussock moth Hemerocampa leucostigma Smith and Abbot. J Parasitol 10: 80–86
Goldman L, Sawyer F, Levine A, Goldman J, Goldman S, Spinanger J (1960) Investigative studies of skin irritations from caterpillars. J Invest Dermatol 34: 67–78
Goossens Th (1881) Des chenilles urticantes. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 1: 230–236
Gordon RM, Lavoipierre MMJ (1962) Entomology for students of medicine. Blackwell, Oxford, p 286
Grosdanov A (1959) Berufsbedingte Ekzeme und Hautentzündungen durch Raupen der Plodia interpunctella. Berufsdermatosen 7: 30–35. Cited by Henwood and MacDonald (1983)
Gunderson T, Heath P, Garron LK (1950) Ophthalmia nodosa. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 48: 151–169
Hall-Smith PJ, Graham P (1980) Beware the furry caterpillar. Clin Exp Dermatol 5: 261–263
Hellier FF, Warin RP (1967) Caterpillar dermatitis. Br Med J II: 346–348
Henwood BP, MacDonald DM (1983) Caterpillar dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 8: 77–93
Hill WR, Rubinstein AD, Kovacs J (1948) Dermatitis resulting from contact with moths (genus Hylesia). JAMA 138: 737–740
Hyde GE (1974) British moth book I. Jarrold nature series books. Jarrold, Norwich
Jones DL, Miller JH (1959) Pathology of the dermatitis produced by the urticating caterpillar, Automeris io. Arch Dermatol 79: 81–85
Jorg ME (1933) Nota previa sobre el principo activo urticante de Hylesia nigricans (Lepidoptera: Hemileueidae) y las dermitis provocadas por el mismo. Reunion Soc Argent Patol Reg 2: 482–495
Katzenellenbogen I (1955) Caterpillar dermatitis as an occupational disease. Dermatologica 111: 99–106
Kawamoto F, Suto C, Kumada N (1978) Studies in the venomous spicules and spines of moth caterpillars I. Fine structure and development of the venomous spines of the Euproctis caterpillars. Jpn J Med Sei Bio 31: 291–299
Keegan HL (1963) Caterpillars and moths as public Health Problems. In: Keegan HL and MacFarlane WV (eds) Venomous and poisonous animals and noxious plants of the paeifie region. Oxford, Pergamon, pp 165–170
Kemper H (1955) Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die durch Aftervolle von Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera) erzeugte Dermatitis vergleichen mit der Wirkung von Arthropodensticken. Z Angew Zool 4: 37–59
Kephart CF (1915) The poison glands of the larva of the browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn). J Parasitol 1: 95–103
Knight HH (1922) Observations on the poisonous nature of the white–marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma Smith and Abbot). J Parasitol 8: 133–135
Leger M, Mouzels P (1918) Dermatite prurigineuse determine par des papillons saturnides du genre Hylesia. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 11: 104–107
McGovern JP, Barkin GY, McElhenney TR, Wende R (1961) Megalopyge opercularis. Observations of its life history, natural history of its sting in man and report of an epidemic. JAMA 175: 1155–1158
Maschwitz UWJ, Kloft W (1971) Morphology and function of the venom apparatus of insects-bees, wasps, ants and caterpillars. In: Bücherl W, Buckley EE (eds) Venomous animals and their venoms, vol III Venomous invertebrates. Academic, New York, pp 1–60
Mazzella H, Patetta MA (1948) Estudio experimental de la accion local de la toxina del Megalopyge urens Berg. Arch Soc Biol Montevideo 13: 131–136
Meek RR (1901) Further observations on the browntail moth. Boston Med Surg J 144: 651
Micks DW (1952) Clinical effects of the sting of the “puss eaterpillar” (Megalopyge opercularis S. and A.) on man. Tex Rep Biol Med 10: 399–405
Mills RG (1925) Some observations and experiments on the urticating properties of the larva of Parasa hilarata Standiger. Am J Hyg 5: 342–363
Musgrave A (1924) Some caterpillars injurious to man. Aust Museum Mag 2: 34–36
Musgrave A (1941) Harmful moth caterpillars. Aust Museum Mag 7: 391–396
Perlman F, Press E, Googins JA, Malley A, Poarea H (1976) Tussockosis: reaction to Douglas fir tussock moth. Ann Allergy 36: 302–307
Pesce H, Delgado A (1966) Lepidopterismo y erucismo. Epidemilogia y aspectos clinico en el Pais. Mem Inst Butantan. Simposio internacional sobre venanos animais 3, Suppl comemorativo: 829–834
Pesce H, Delgado A (1971) Poisoning from adult moths and caterpillars. In: Bücherl W, Buckley EE (eds) Venomous animals and their venoms, vol III Venomous invertebrates. Academic, New York, pp 119–156
Phisalix M (1922) Lepidopteres. In: Animaux venimeux et venins. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp 343–357
Piaggio Blanco RA, Paseyro P (1946) Lesiones cutaneas provocados por las crugas del“Megalopyge urens” (Bicho peludo negro) y del “Automeris coresus” ( Bicho peludo verde ). Arq Urug Med Cirug Spec 29: 30–39
Picarelli ZP, Valle JR (1971) Pharmacological studies in eaterpillar venoms. In: Bücherl W, Buckley EE (eds) Venomous animals and their venoms, vol III Venomous invertebrates. Academic, New York, pp 103–118
Polano MK (1935) Rupsendermatitis (in Dutch). Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 79: 2400–2401 (English translation by Polano MK)
Potter RA (1909) Browntail moth dermatitis. JAMA 53: 1463–1464
Randel HW, Doan GB (1956) Caterpillar Urticaria in the Panama Zone. Report of five cases in venom. Publ No 44 AAAS, Washington DC. Cited by Keegan (1963)
Rendall P (1884) Urticating by Liparis chrysorrhoea. Entomologist 17: 275
Rossiter CB (1924) Dermatitis due to caterpillars. Br Med J II: 348
Rotberg A (1971) Lepidopterism in Brazil. In: Bücherl W and Buckley EE (eds) Venomous animals and their venoms, vol III Yenomous invertebrates. Academic, New York, pp 157– 168
Saito J (1936) Über hautreizenden Giftstoff eines japanischer Giftschmelterlings Euproctis flava Bremer. Jpn Dermatol 30: 230–243
Shama SK, Etkind PH, Odell TM, Canada AT, Finn AM, Soter NA (1982) Gypsy moth eaterpillar dermatitis. N Engl J Med 306: 1300–1301
Smith KGV (1982) Arthropod dermatoses, stings, bites, allergies and neuroses. In: Manson-Bahr PEC and Apted FIC (eds) Manson’s tropical disease, 18th edn. Bailiiere Tindall, London, pp 739–741
South R (1885) On the urticating hairs of some lepidoptera. Entomologist 18: 3–6
Southcott RV (1978) Lepidopterism in the Australian region. Ree Adelaide Children’s Hosp 2: 87–173
Thresh JC (1906) Caterpillar rash. Lancet II: 291–292
Torchi M (1952–1953) Dermatiti da processionarie. Arch Ital Dermatol Sifil 25: 272–274
Touraine A, Thomas J, Caldera R (1947a) La dermatite des chenilles. Presse Med 55: 654–655
Touraine A, Thomas J, Caldera R (1947b) Dermatites par chenilles processionaires du Cheine. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 7: 202
Tyzzer EE (1907) The pathology of the browntail moth dermatitis. J Med Res 16: 43–64
Valette G, Huidorro H (1954) Pouvoir histaminoliberation du venin de la chenille processionaire du Pin ( Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schift ). C R Soc Biol (Paris) 158: 1605–607
Watson PG, Sevel D (1966) Ophthalmia nodosa. Br J Ophthalmol 50: 209–217
White CJ (1901) Dermatitis produced by a eaterpillar. Boston Med Surg J 144: 599
White CJ (1901) Dermatitis produced by a caterpilar. Boston Med Surg J 144: 599
Zaias N, Ionnides G, Taplin D (1969) Dermatitis from contact with moths (genus Hylesia). JAMA 207: 525–527
Ziprowski L, Hopshi E, Tahori AS (1959) Caterpillar dermatitis. Isr Med J 18: 26–31
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
O’Donel Alexander, J. (1984). Reactions to Lepidoptera. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1356-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1356-0_12
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1358-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1356-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive