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Over the past two decades, cutaneous myiasis in Western Europe has mostly been imported by returning travelers.
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The incidence of myiasis in Europe could rise in the future due to the effects of climate change and to the migration of fly species from tropical and subtropical countries.
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Wound myiasis may worsen the symptom burden and cause distress both to patients and caregivers.
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Appropriate wound care is essential to prevent the occurrence of myiasis.
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Human cutaneous myiasis in Western Europe
Author | Year | Country | No. pts | Sex | Age | Location | Type of lesion | Fly species | Comorbidities/Risk factors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delhaes [8] | 2001 | France | 1 | M | 21 | Leg | Wound | Calliphora vicina | / |
Logar [9] | 2001 | Slovenia | 1 | M | 25 | Leg | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Peru |
Seppänen [10] | 2001 | Finland | 1 | M | 41 | Arm | Wound | Cochliomyia hominivorax | Trip to Brazil |
Guruttxaga [11] | 2001 | Spain | 1 | F | 34 | Leg | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Senegal |
Harbin [12] | 2002 | UK | 1 | F | 39 | Head | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Belize |
Hohenstein [13] | 2004 | Switzerland | 1 | M | 30 | Chest | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Costa Rica |
Maier [14] | 2004 | Austria | 1 | M | 59 | Scapular area | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Mexico |
Rubio [15] | 2005 | Spain | 3 | 1 M/2 F | 81 | Head and neck | Wound | Chrysomya sp., Sarcophaga spp. | Head and neck tumor, radiotherapy |
Fusco [16] | 2005 | Italy | 1 | M | 50 | Foot | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Senegal |
Curtis [17] | 2006 | UK | 1 | F | 61 | Leg | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Portugal |
Franza [18] | 2006 | Italy | 1 | M | 57 | Neck | Tracheostomy site | Lucilia Caesar | Overweight, pontomesencephalic hemorrhage |
Logar [19] | 2006 | Slovenia | 2 | 1 M/1 F | 47 | Shoulder | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Ghana |
Diaz Ley [20] | 2006 | Spain | 1 | F | 53 | Gluteus | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Africa |
Calderaro [21] | 2007 | Italy | 1 | M | 28 | Head | Wound | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Brazil |
Bongiorno [22] | 2007 | Italy | 1 | M | 45 | Head | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Peru |
Goksu [23] | 2007 | Germany | 1 | M | 49 | Back | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Gambia |
Hakeem [24] | 2008 | UK | 1 | M | 54 | Back | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Work in West Africa, coronary heart disease |
Pica [25] | 2008 | Italy | 1 | F | 61 | Back | Furuncular | Cordylobia spp. | Trip to Africa |
Veraldi [26] | 2009 | Italy | 1 | F | 34 | Back | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Jamaica |
Dutto [27] | 2009 | Italy | 1 | F | 78 | Foot | Wound | Lucilia sericata | Chronic venous insufficiency |
Sesterhenn [28] | 2009 | Germany | 1 | M | 61 | Neck | Wound | Lucilia spp. | Squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma |
Kronert [29] | 2009 | Germany | 1 | F | 61 | Back | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Central America |
Dutto [30] | 2009 | Italy | 1 | F | 79 | Foot | Wound | Sarcophaga cruentata | Diabetes mellitus |
Whitehorn [31] | 2009 | UK | 1 | M | 40 | Arm | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Uganda |
Schreiber [32] | 2010 | Germany | 1 | M | 31 | Arm | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to French Guiana |
Puente [33] | 2010 | Spain | 1 | M | 34 | Leg | Furuncular | Hypoderma lineatum | Trip to India |
Dutto [34] | 2011 | Italy | 1 | F | 75 | Hand | Wound | Cyclorrhapha spp. | Cerebral hemorrhage |
Cecchini [35] | 2012 | France | 1 | M | 47 | Foot | Wound | Lucilia sericata | Diabetes mellitus |
Salvetti [36] | 2012 | Italy | 1 | M | 30 | Head | Wound | Calliphora vicina | Cocaine and alcohol abuse, suicide attempt, acute renal failure, rhabdomyolysis |
Nagy [37] | 2012 | Slovakia | 2 | M | 54 | Urogenital | Wound | Lucilia sericata | Transitional cell carcinoma, alcohol abuse, urogenital gangrene |
Dutto [38] | 2013 | Italy | 1 | M | 81 | Foot | Wound | Sarcophaga africa | Diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease |
Osborne [39] | 2013 | UK | 1 | M | 36 | Head | Wound | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Belize |
Kleine [40] | 2014 | Germany | 1 | M | 55 | Head | Wound | Chrysomya bezziana | Trip to Malaysia |
Lowe [41] | 2013 | UK | 1 | M | 38 | Head | Wound | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Africa |
Kay [42] | 2014 | UK | 1 | F | 47 | Foot | Wound | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Panama |
Rappelli [43] | 2014 | Italy | 1 | M | 63 | Back | Furuncular | Hypoderma spp. | Farmer |
Wollina [44] | 2015 | Germany | 3 | M | 82 | Head | Wound | Lucilia spp. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
Hirsch [45] | 2015 | France | 1 | M | 47 | Shoulder | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Guyana |
Pezzi [46] | 2015 | Italy | 1 | M | 45 | Head | Furuncular | Cordylobia rhodaini | Trip to Uganda |
Gaci [47] | 2015 | France | 1 | M | 60 | Scrotum | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to South America |
Landehag [48] | 2011–2016 | Norway | 7 | 3 F/4 M | 46 | Head | Furuncular | Hypoderma tarandi | / |
Villaescusa [49] | 2016 | Spain | 1 | M | 62 | Foot | Wound | Wohlfahrtia magnifica | Diabetes mellitus, poor personal hygiene, coronary artery disease |
Giangaspero [50] | 2017 | Italy | 1 | F | 101 | Skin | Wound | Sarcophaga argyrostoma | Bedridden |
Hong How [51] | 2018 | UK | 1 | F | 32 | Leg | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Gambia |
Wade [52] | 2018 | UK | 1 | F | 55 | Head | Furuncular | Cordylobia rodhaini | Trip to Uganda |
Bernhardt [53] | 2018 | Germany | 1 | M | / | Foot | Wound | Phormia regina, Lucilia sericata | Homeless, paranoid schizophrenia, drug and alcohol abuse |
Demaj [54] | 2019 | Albania | 1 | M | 48 | Head | Wound | Lucilia sericata | Basal cell carcinoma |
Watkins [55] | 2019 | UK | 1 | F | 50 | Head | Wound | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Argentina |
Toberer [56] | 2019 | Germany | 1 | F | 35 | Leg | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Peru |
Dunphy [57] | 2019 | UK | 1 | M | 18 | Head | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Belize |
Di Tullio [58] | 2019 | Italy | 1 | M | 52 | Head | Furuncular | Dermatobia hominis | Trip to Argentina |
De Pasquale [59] | 2019 | Italy | 1 | M | 34 | Head | Wound | Sarcophaga sp. | Poor sanitary conditions, psoriasis, lymphoma |
Oliva [60] | 2020 | Italy | 1 | F | 22 | Gluteus | Furuncular | Cordylobia anthropophaga | Trip to Kenia |