Oligometastatic prostate cancer has been considered an intermediate state between localized disease and widespread metastases, but there is no consensus on the definition of oligometastasis in prostate cancer. At present, a clinical diagnosis made on the basis of up to five extrapelvic lesions is reasonable for use. Retrospective studies and post hoc analyses suggest that local or metastasis-directed interventions could have benefits in the oligometastatic state including a better response to systematic therapy, lower risk of local complications, and possible positive impact on cancer-specific survival and overall survival; however, insufficient data are available to draw reliable conclusions. In this short review, we summarize the current available data on the role of surgery in oligometastatic prostate cancer.
