Skip to main content

14.04.2025 | Telemedizin | main topic

Telemedicine in ophthalmology

verfasst von: Marina Casazza, Matthias Bolz, Josef Huemer

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Since its beginnings in the 1970s, telemedicine has advanced extensively. Telemedicine is now more accessible and powerful than ever thanks to developments in medical imaging, Internet accessibility, advancements in telecommunications infrastructure, exponential growth in computing power, and related computer-aided diagnoses. This is especially true in the field of ophthalmology. With the COVID 19 pandemic serving as a catalyst for the widespread adoption and acceptance of teleophthalmology, new models of healthcare provision integrating telemedicine are needed to meet the challenges of the modern world. The demand for ophthalmic services is growing globally due to population growth, aging, and a shortage of ophthalmologists. In this review, we discuss the development and use of telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology and shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of teleophthalmology.
Literatur
2.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ting DSW, Lin H, Ruamviboonsuk P, Wong TY, Sim DA. Artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and virtual clinics: ophthalmology at the digital translation forefront. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2:e8–9.PubMedCrossRef Ting DSW, Lin H, Ruamviboonsuk P, Wong TY, Sim DA. Artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and virtual clinics: ophthalmology at the digital translation forefront. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2:e8–9.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartnett ME, Penn JS. Mechanisms and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity. N Engl J Med.367:2515–26. Hartnett ME, Penn JS. Mechanisms and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity. N Engl J Med.367:2515–26.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Fierson WM, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Section on Ophthalmology, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS. Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3061.CrossRef Fierson WM, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Section on Ophthalmology, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS. Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018; https://​doi.​org/​10.​1542/​peds.​2018-3061.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity.. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:195–204. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity.. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:195–204.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang SK, Callaway NF, Wallenstein MB, Henderson MT, Leng T, Moshfeghi DM. SUNDROP: six years of screening for retinopathy of prematurity with telemedicine. Can J Ophthalmol. 2015;50:101–6.PubMedCrossRef Wang SK, Callaway NF, Wallenstein MB, Henderson MT, Leng T, Moshfeghi DM. SUNDROP: six years of screening for retinopathy of prematurity with telemedicine. Can J Ophthalmol. 2015;50:101–6.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinekar A, Jayadev C, Mangalesh S, Shetty B, Vidyasagar D. Role of tele-medicine in retinopathy of prematurity screening in rural outreach centers in India—a report of 20,214 imaging sessions in the KIDROP program. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20:335–45.PubMedCrossRef Vinekar A, Jayadev C, Mangalesh S, Shetty B, Vidyasagar D. Role of tele-medicine in retinopathy of prematurity screening in rural outreach centers in India—a report of 20,214 imaging sessions in the KIDROP program. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20:335–45.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JS, Coyner AS, Ostmo S, Sonmez K, Bajimaya S, Pradhan E, et al. Deep Learning for the Diagnosis of Stage in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Accuracy and Generalizability across Populations and Cameras. Ophthalmol Retin. 2021;5:1027–35.CrossRef Chen JS, Coyner AS, Ostmo S, Sonmez K, Bajimaya S, Pradhan E, et al. Deep Learning for the Diagnosis of Stage in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Accuracy and Generalizability across Populations and Cameras. Ophthalmol Retin. 2021;5:1027–35.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Young BK, Cole ED, Shah PK, Ostmo S, Subramaniam P, Venkatapathy N, et al. Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity With and Without Artificial Intelligence in India. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141:582–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Young BK, Cole ED, Shah PK, Ostmo S, Subramaniam P, Venkatapathy N, et al. Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity With and Without Artificial Intelligence in India. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141:582–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:556–64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:556–64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon SD, Goldberg MF. ETDRS Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy: Still the Gold Standard? Ophthalmic Res. 2019;62:190–5.PubMedCrossRef Solomon SD, Goldberg MF. ETDRS Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy: Still the Gold Standard? Ophthalmic Res. 2019;62:190–5.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat -. Grading Diabetic Retinopathy from Stereoscopic Color Fundus Photographs—An Extension of the Modified Airlie House Classification. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:786–806.PubMedCrossRef -. Grading Diabetic Retinopathy from Stereoscopic Color Fundus Photographs—An Extension of the Modified Airlie House Classification. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:786–806.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat -. Photocoagulation Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Clinical Application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) Findings. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:583–600.PubMedCrossRef -. Photocoagulation Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Clinical Application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) Findings. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:583–600.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson JMG. Principles and Practice of Screening for Diseases. World Health Organization; 1968. (by) J.M.G. Wilson (and) G. Jungner. Wilson JMG. Principles and Practice of Screening for Diseases. World Health Organization; 1968. (by) J.M.G. Wilson (and) G. Jungner.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Scanlon PH, Malhotra R, Greenwood RH, Aldington SJ, Foy C, Flatman M, et al. Comparison of two reference standards in validating two field mydriatic digital photography as a method of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1258–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Scanlon PH, Malhotra R, Greenwood RH, Aldington SJ, Foy C, Flatman M, et al. Comparison of two reference standards in validating two field mydriatic digital photography as a method of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1258–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Huemer J, Wagner SK, Sim DA. The Evolution of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programmes: A Chronology of Retinal Photography from 35 mm Slides to Artificial Intelligence. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:2021–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Huemer J, Wagner SK, Sim DA. The Evolution of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programmes: A Chronology of Retinal Photography from 35 mm Slides to Artificial Intelligence. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:2021–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Liew G, Michaelides M, Bunce C. A comparison of the causes of blindness certifications in England and Wales in working age adults (16–64 years), 1999–2000 with 2009–2010. Bmj Open. 2014;4:e4015.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Liew G, Michaelides M, Bunce C. A comparison of the causes of blindness certifications in England and Wales in working age adults (16–64 years), 1999–2000 with 2009–2010. Bmj Open. 2014;4:e4015.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen HV, Tan GSW, Tapp RJ, Mital S, Ting DSW, Wong HT, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a National Telemedicine Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Singapore. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:2571–80.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen HV, Tan GSW, Tapp RJ, Mital S, Ting DSW, Wong HT, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a National Telemedicine Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Singapore. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:2571–80.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez CR, Silva PS, Cavallerano JD, Aiello LP, Aiello LM. Ocular telemedicine for diabetic retinopathy and the Joslin Vision Network. Semin Ophthalmol. 2010;25:218–24.PubMedCrossRef Sanchez CR, Silva PS, Cavallerano JD, Aiello LP, Aiello LM. Ocular telemedicine for diabetic retinopathy and the Joslin Vision Network. Semin Ophthalmol. 2010;25:218–24.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Patton N, Aslam TM, MacGillivray T, Deary IJ, Dhillon B, Eikelboom RH, et al. Retinal image analysis: concepts, applications and potential. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006;25:99–127.PubMedCrossRef Patton N, Aslam TM, MacGillivray T, Deary IJ, Dhillon B, Eikelboom RH, et al. Retinal image analysis: concepts, applications and potential. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006;25:99–127.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Abràmoff MD, Folk JC, Han DP, Walker JD, Williams DF, Russell SR, et al. Automated analysis of retinal images for detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:351–7.PubMedCrossRef Abràmoff MD, Folk JC, Han DP, Walker JD, Williams DF, Russell SR, et al. Automated analysis of retinal images for detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:351–7.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Abràmoff MD, Niemeijer M, Suttorp-Schulten MSA, Viergever MA, Russell SR, van Ginneken B. Evaluation of a system for automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy from color fundus photographs in a large population of patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:193–8.PubMedCrossRef Abràmoff MD, Niemeijer M, Suttorp-Schulten MSA, Viergever MA, Russell SR, van Ginneken B. Evaluation of a system for automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy from color fundus photographs in a large population of patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:193–8.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleming AD, Philip S, Goatman KA, Prescott GJ, Sharp PF, Olson JA. The evidence for automated grading in diabetic retinopathy screening. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2011;7:246–52.PubMedCrossRef Fleming AD, Philip S, Goatman KA, Prescott GJ, Sharp PF, Olson JA. The evidence for automated grading in diabetic retinopathy screening. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2011;7:246–52.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Abràmoff MD, Lou Y, Erginay A, Clarida W, Amelon R, Folk JC, et al. Improved Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy on a Publicly Available Dataset Through Integration of Deep Learning. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:5200–6.PubMedCrossRef Abràmoff MD, Lou Y, Erginay A, Clarida W, Amelon R, Folk JC, et al. Improved Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy on a Publicly Available Dataset Through Integration of Deep Learning. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:5200–6.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Heijden AA, Abramoff MD, Verbraak F, van Hecke MV, Liem A, Nijpels G. Validation of automated screening for referable diabetic retinopathy with the IDx-DR device in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:63–8.PubMedCrossRef van der Heijden AA, Abramoff MD, Verbraak F, van Hecke MV, Liem A, Nijpels G. Validation of automated screening for referable diabetic retinopathy with the IDx-DR device in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:63–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruamviboonsuk P, Tiwari R, Sayres R, Nganthavee V, Hemarat K, Kongprayoon A, et al. Real-time diabetic retinopathy screening by deep learning in a multisite national screening programme: a prospective interventional cohort study. Lancet Digit Health. 2022;4:e235–44.PubMedCrossRef Ruamviboonsuk P, Tiwari R, Sayres R, Nganthavee V, Hemarat K, Kongprayoon A, et al. Real-time diabetic retinopathy screening by deep learning in a multisite national screening programme: a prospective interventional cohort study. Lancet Digit Health. 2022;4:e235–44.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Salongcay RP, Aquino LAC, Alog GP, Locaylocay KB, Saunar AV, Peto T, et al. Accuracy of Integrated Artificial Intelligence Grading Using Handheld Retinal Imaging in a Community Diabetic Eye Screening Program. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024;4:100457.PubMedCrossRef Salongcay RP, Aquino LAC, Alog GP, Locaylocay KB, Saunar AV, Peto T, et al. Accuracy of Integrated Artificial Intelligence Grading Using Handheld Retinal Imaging in a Community Diabetic Eye Screening Program. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024;4:100457.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou Y, Chia MA, Wagner SK, Ayhan MS, Williamson DJ, Struyven RR, et al. A foundation model for generalizable disease detection from retinal images. Nature. 2023;622:156–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhou Y, Chia MA, Wagner SK, Ayhan MS, Williamson DJ, Struyven RR, et al. A foundation model for generalizable disease detection from retinal images. Nature. 2023;622:156–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kortuem K, Fasler K, Charnley A, Khambati H, Fasolo S, Katz M, et al. Implementation of medical retina virtual clinics in a tertiary eye care referral centre. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1391–5.PubMedCrossRef Kortuem K, Fasler K, Charnley A, Khambati H, Fasolo S, Katz M, et al. Implementation of medical retina virtual clinics in a tertiary eye care referral centre. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:1391–5.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Kern C, Kortuem K, Hamilton R, Fasolo S, Cai Y, Balaskas K, et al. Clinical Outcomes of a Hospital-Based Teleophthalmology Service: What Happens to Patients in a Virtual Clinic? Ophthalmol Retin. 2019;3:422–8.CrossRef Kern C, Kortuem K, Hamilton R, Fasolo S, Cai Y, Balaskas K, et al. Clinical Outcomes of a Hospital-Based Teleophthalmology Service: What Happens to Patients in a Virtual Clinic? Ophthalmol Retin. 2019;3:422–8.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanumunthadu D, Adan K, Tinkler K, Balaskas K, Hamilton R, Nicholson L, et al. Outcomes following implementation of a high-volume medical retina virtual clinic utilising a diagnostic hub during COVID-19. Eye. 2022;36:627–33.PubMedCrossRef Hanumunthadu D, Adan K, Tinkler K, Balaskas K, Hamilton R, Nicholson L, et al. Outcomes following implementation of a high-volume medical retina virtual clinic utilising a diagnostic hub during COVID-19. Eye. 2022;36:627–33.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Faes L, Fu DJ, Huemer J, Kern C, Wagner SK, Fasolo S, et al. A virtual-clinic pathway for patients referred from a national diabetes eye screening programme reduces service demands whilst maintaining quality of care. Eye. 2021;35:2260–9.PubMedCrossRef Faes L, Fu DJ, Huemer J, Kern C, Wagner SK, Fasolo S, et al. A virtual-clinic pathway for patients referred from a national diabetes eye screening programme reduces service demands whilst maintaining quality of care. Eye. 2021;35:2260–9.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Nikita E, Gazzard G, Sim DA, Fasolo S, Kortum K, Jayaram H. Expansion of patient eligibility for virtual glaucoma clinics: a long-term strategy to increase the capacity of high-quality glaucoma care. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107:43–8.PubMedCrossRef Nikita E, Gazzard G, Sim DA, Fasolo S, Kortum K, Jayaram H. Expansion of patient eligibility for virtual glaucoma clinics: a long-term strategy to increase the capacity of high-quality glaucoma care. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107:43–8.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Molero-Senosiain M, Houben I, Vali Y, Mistry P, Savant S, Savant V. Virtual keratoconus monitoring clinic in a tertiary university hospital in the United Kingdom. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023;71:824–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Molero-Senosiain M, Houben I, Vali Y, Mistry P, Savant S, Savant V. Virtual keratoconus monitoring clinic in a tertiary university hospital in the United Kingdom. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023;71:824–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappot N, Taarnhøj GA, Pappot H. Telemedicine and e‑Health Solutions for COVID-19: Patients’ Perspective. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26:847–9.PubMedCrossRef Pappot N, Taarnhøj GA, Pappot H. Telemedicine and e‑Health Solutions for COVID-19: Patients’ Perspective. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26:847–9.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Resnikoff S, Felch W, Gauthier T‑M, Spivey B. The number of ophthalmologists in practice and training worldwide: a growing gap despite more than 200,000 practitioners. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:783–7.PubMedCrossRef Resnikoff S, Felch W, Gauthier T‑M, Spivey B. The number of ophthalmologists in practice and training worldwide: a growing gap despite more than 200,000 practitioners. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:783–7.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Quinn N, Csincsik L, Flynn E, Curcio CA, Kiss S, Sadda SR, et al. The clinical relevance of visualising the peripheral retina. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;68:83–109.PubMedCrossRef Quinn N, Csincsik L, Flynn E, Curcio CA, Kiss S, Sadda SR, et al. The clinical relevance of visualising the peripheral retina. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;68:83–109.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Muttuvelu DV, Buchholt H, Nygaard M, Rasmussen MLR, Sim D. Danish teleophthalmology platform reduces optometry referrals into the national eye care system. Bmj Open Ophthalmol. 2021;6:e671.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Muttuvelu DV, Buchholt H, Nygaard M, Rasmussen MLR, Sim D. Danish teleophthalmology platform reduces optometry referrals into the national eye care system. Bmj Open Ophthalmol. 2021;6:e671.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Kern C, Fu DJ, Kortuem K, Huemer J, Barker D, Davis A, et al. Implementation of a cloud-based referral platform in ophthalmology: making telemedicine services a reality in eye care. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:312–7.PubMedCrossRef Kern C, Fu DJ, Kortuem K, Huemer J, Barker D, Davis A, et al. Implementation of a cloud-based referral platform in ophthalmology: making telemedicine services a reality in eye care. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:312–7.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Han JED, Liu X, Bunce C, Douiri A, Vale L, Blandford A, et al. Teleophthalmology-enabled and artificial intelligence-ready referral pathway for community optometry referrals of retinal disease (HERMES): a Cluster Randomised Superiority Trial with a linked Diagnostic Accuracy Study-HERMES study report 1‑study protocol. Bmj Open. 2022;12:e55845.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Han JED, Liu X, Bunce C, Douiri A, Vale L, Blandford A, et al. Teleophthalmology-enabled and artificial intelligence-ready referral pathway for community optometry referrals of retinal disease (HERMES): a Cluster Randomised Superiority Trial with a linked Diagnostic Accuracy Study-HERMES study report 1‑study protocol. Bmj Open. 2022;12:e55845.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel D, Abdi S, Carmichael J, Balaskas K, Blandford A. What are the experiences of teleophthalmology in optometric referral pathways? A qualitative interview study with patients and clinicians. Bmj Open. 2024;14:e78161.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Patel D, Abdi S, Carmichael J, Balaskas K, Blandford A. What are the experiences of teleophthalmology in optometric referral pathways? A qualitative interview study with patients and clinicians. Bmj Open. 2024;14:e78161.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Chia MA, Turner AW. Benefits of Integrating Telemedicine and Artificial Intelligence Into Outreach Eye Care: Stepwise Approach and Future Directions. Front Med. 2022;9:835804.CrossRef Chia MA, Turner AW. Benefits of Integrating Telemedicine and Artificial Intelligence Into Outreach Eye Care: Stepwise Approach and Future Directions. Front Med. 2022;9:835804.CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Das AV, Mididoddi S, Kammari P, Deepthi Davara N, Loomba A, Khanna R, et al. App-based Tele ophthalmology: A novel method of rural eye care delivery connecting tertiary eye care center and vision centers in India. Int J Telemed Appl. 2019;2019:8107064.PubMedPubMedCentral Das AV, Mididoddi S, Kammari P, Deepthi Davara N, Loomba A, Khanna R, et al. App-based Tele ophthalmology: A novel method of rural eye care delivery connecting tertiary eye care center and vision centers in India. Int J Telemed Appl. 2019;2019:8107064.PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Menage J. Why telemedicine diminishes the doctor-patient relationship. BMJ. 2020;371:m4348.PubMedCrossRef Menage J. Why telemedicine diminishes the doctor-patient relationship. BMJ. 2020;371:m4348.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall JL, McGraw D. For telehealth to succeed, privacy and security risks must be identified and addressed. Health Aff. 2014;33:216–21.CrossRef Hall JL, McGraw D. For telehealth to succeed, privacy and security risks must be identified and addressed. Health Aff. 2014;33:216–21.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsaousis KT, Empeslidis T, Konidaris VE, Kapoor B, Deane J. The concept of virtual clinics in monitoring patients with age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94:e353–5.PubMedCrossRef Tsaousis KT, Empeslidis T, Konidaris VE, Kapoor B, Deane J. The concept of virtual clinics in monitoring patients with age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94:e353–5.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner SK, Raja L, Cortina-Borja M, Huemer J, Struyven R, Keane PA, et al. Determinants of non-attendance at face-to-face and telemedicine ophthalmic consultations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024;108:625–32.PubMed Wagner SK, Raja L, Cortina-Borja M, Huemer J, Struyven R, Keane PA, et al. Determinants of non-attendance at face-to-face and telemedicine ophthalmic consultations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024;108:625–32.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Sehmi AK, Kang S, Sim D, Mathew R. Exploring digital exclusion for patients using remote consultations at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63:1416–A112. Sehmi AK, Kang S, Sim D, Mathew R. Exploring digital exclusion for patients using remote consultations at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63:1416–A112.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang S, Raja L, Sim DA, Thomas PBM, Ezra DG. Telemedicine in oculoplastic and adnexal surgery: clinicians’ perspectives in the UK. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:1344–9.PubMedCrossRef Kang S, Raja L, Sim DA, Thomas PBM, Ezra DG. Telemedicine in oculoplastic and adnexal surgery: clinicians’ perspectives in the UK. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:1344–9.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Gross N, Bachmann LM, Islam M, Faes L, Schmid MK, Thiel MA, et al. Visual outcomes and treatment adherence of patients with macular pathology using a mobile hyperacuity home-monitoring app: a matched-pair analysis. Bmj Open. 2021;11:e56940.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gross N, Bachmann LM, Islam M, Faes L, Schmid MK, Thiel MA, et al. Visual outcomes and treatment adherence of patients with macular pathology using a mobile hyperacuity home-monitoring app: a matched-pair analysis. Bmj Open. 2021;11:e56940.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Holekamp NM, Heier JS. Prospective, Longitudinal Study: Daily Self-Imaging with Home OCT for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retin. 2022;6:575–85.CrossRef Liu Y, Holekamp NM, Heier JS. Prospective, Longitudinal Study: Daily Self-Imaging with Home OCT for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retin. 2022;6:575–85.CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Keenan TDL, Goldstein M, Goldenberg D, Zur D, Shulman S, Loewenstein A. Prospective, Longitudinal Pilot Study: Daily Self-Imaging with Patient-Operated Home OCT in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Sci. 2021;1:100034.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Keenan TDL, Goldstein M, Goldenberg D, Zur D, Shulman S, Loewenstein A. Prospective, Longitudinal Pilot Study: Daily Self-Imaging with Patient-Operated Home OCT in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Sci. 2021;1:100034.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Chakravarthy U, Goldenberg D, Young G, Havilio M, Rafaeli O, Benyamini G, et al. Automated Identification of Lesion Activity in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1731–6.PubMedCrossRef Chakravarthy U, Goldenberg D, Young G, Havilio M, Rafaeli O, Benyamini G, et al. Automated Identification of Lesion Activity in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1731–6.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Balaskas K, Drawnel F, Khanani AM, Knox PC, Mavromaras G, Wang Y‑Z. Home vision monitoring in patients with maculopathy: current and future options for digital technologies. Eye. 2023;37:3108–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Balaskas K, Drawnel F, Khanani AM, Knox PC, Mavromaras G, Wang Y‑Z. Home vision monitoring in patients with maculopathy: current and future options for digital technologies. Eye. 2023;37:3108–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid MK, Thiel MA, Lienhard K, Schlingemann RO, Faes L, Bachmann LM. Reliability and diagnostic performance of a novel mobile app for hyperacuity self-monitoring in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Eye. 2019;33:1584–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schmid MK, Thiel MA, Lienhard K, Schlingemann RO, Faes L, Bachmann LM. Reliability and diagnostic performance of a novel mobile app for hyperacuity self-monitoring in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Eye. 2019;33:1584–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaiser PK, Wang Y‑Z, He Y‑G, Weisberger A, Wolf S, Smith CH. Feasibility of a novel remote daily monitoring system for age-related macular degeneration using mobile handheld devices: results of a pilot study. Retina. 2013;33:1863–70.PubMedCrossRef Kaiser PK, Wang Y‑Z, He Y‑G, Weisberger A, Wolf S, Smith CH. Feasibility of a novel remote daily monitoring system for age-related macular degeneration using mobile handheld devices: results of a pilot study. Retina. 2013;33:1863–70.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y‑Z, He Y‑G, Mitzel G, Zhang S, Bartlett MB. Compliance and Test Variability of Patients with Maculopathy in Using an iPhone-Based Shape Discrimination Hyperacuity Test at Home. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:5602–5602. Wang Y‑Z, He Y‑G, Mitzel G, Zhang S, Bartlett MB. Compliance and Test Variability of Patients with Maculopathy in Using an iPhone-Based Shape Discrimination Hyperacuity Test at Home. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:5602–5602.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones PR, Campbell P, Callaghan T, Jones L, Asfaw DS, Edgar DF, et al. Glaucoma Home Monitoring Using a Tablet-Based Visual Field Test (Eyecatcher): An Assessment of Accuracy and Adherence Over 6 Months. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;223:42–52.PubMedCrossRef Jones PR, Campbell P, Callaghan T, Jones L, Asfaw DS, Edgar DF, et al. Glaucoma Home Monitoring Using a Tablet-Based Visual Field Test (Eyecatcher): An Assessment of Accuracy and Adherence Over 6 Months. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;223:42–52.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu GY, Prasad J, Chen DK, Alcantara-Castillo JC, Patel VN, Al-Aswad LA. Home Monitoring of Glaucoma Using a Home Tonometer and a Novel Virtual Reality Visual Field Device: Acceptability and Feasibility. Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2023;6:121–8.PubMedCrossRef Hu GY, Prasad J, Chen DK, Alcantara-Castillo JC, Patel VN, Al-Aswad LA. Home Monitoring of Glaucoma Using a Home Tonometer and a Novel Virtual Reality Visual Field Device: Acceptability and Feasibility. Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2023;6:121–8.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Coombs NC, Campbell DG, Caringi J. A qualitative study of rural healthcare providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare access. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:438.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coombs NC, Campbell DG, Caringi J. A qualitative study of rural healthcare providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare access. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:438.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiburg KV, Turner A, He M. Telemedicine and delivery of ophthalmic care in rural and remote communities: Drawing from Australian experience. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2022;50:793–800.PubMedCrossRef Kiburg KV, Turner A, He M. Telemedicine and delivery of ophthalmic care in rural and remote communities: Drawing from Australian experience. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2022;50:793–800.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat John S, Sengupta S, Reddy SJ, Prabhu P, Kirubanandan K, Badrinath SS. The Sankara Nethralaya mobile teleophthalmology model for comprehensive eye care delivery in rural India. Telemed J E Health. 2012;18:382–7.PubMedCrossRef John S, Sengupta S, Reddy SJ, Prabhu P, Kirubanandan K, Badrinath SS. The Sankara Nethralaya mobile teleophthalmology model for comprehensive eye care delivery in rural India. Telemed J E Health. 2012;18:382–7.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan SM, Liu X, Nath S, Korot E, Faes L, Wagner SK, et al. A global review of publicly available datasets for ophthalmological imaging: barriers to access, usability, and generalisability. Lancet Digit Health. 2021;3:e51–66.PubMedCrossRef Khan SM, Liu X, Nath S, Korot E, Faes L, Wagner SK, et al. A global review of publicly available datasets for ophthalmological imaging: barriers to access, usability, and generalisability. Lancet Digit Health. 2021;3:e51–66.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacoba CMP, Doan D, Salongcay RP, Aquino LAC, Silva JPY, Salva CMG, et al. Performance of Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification from Multi-field Handheld Retinal Images. Ophthalmol Retin. 2023;7:703–12.CrossRef Jacoba CMP, Doan D, Salongcay RP, Aquino LAC, Silva JPY, Salva CMG, et al. Performance of Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification from Multi-field Handheld Retinal Images. Ophthalmol Retin. 2023;7:703–12.CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Jin K, Li Y, Wu H, Tham YC, Koh V, Zhao Y, et al. Integration of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence for advanced ophthalmic care: A systematic review. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. 2024;4:120–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jin K, Li Y, Wu H, Tham YC, Koh V, Zhao Y, et al. Integration of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence for advanced ophthalmic care: A systematic review. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. 2024;4:120–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajalakshmi R, Subashini R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Automated diabetic retinopathy detection in smartphone-based fundus photography using artificial intelligence. Eye (Lond). 2018;32:1138–44.PubMedCrossRef Rajalakshmi R, Subashini R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Automated diabetic retinopathy detection in smartphone-based fundus photography using artificial intelligence. Eye (Lond). 2018;32:1138–44.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakahara K, Asaoka R, Tanito M, Shibata N, Mitsuhashi K, Fujino Y, et al. Deep learning-assisted (automatic) diagnosis of glaucoma using a smartphone. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:587–92.PubMedCrossRef Nakahara K, Asaoka R, Tanito M, Shibata N, Mitsuhashi K, Fujino Y, et al. Deep learning-assisted (automatic) diagnosis of glaucoma using a smartphone. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022;106:587–92.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu S, Wang X, Wu H, Luan X, Qi P, Lin Y, et al. Unified diagnosis framework for automated nuclear cataract grading based on smartphone slit-lamp images. IEEE Access. 2020;8:174169–78.CrossRef Hu S, Wang X, Wu H, Luan X, Qi P, Lin Y, et al. Unified diagnosis framework for automated nuclear cataract grading based on smartphone slit-lamp images. IEEE Access. 2020;8:174169–78.CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen W, Li R, Yu Q, Xu A, Feng Y, Wang R, et al. Early detection of visual impairment in young children using a smartphone-based deep learning system. Nat Med. 2023;29:493–503.PubMedCrossRef Chen W, Li R, Yu Q, Xu A, Feng Y, Wang R, et al. Early detection of visual impairment in young children using a smartphone-based deep learning system. Nat Med. 2023;29:493–503.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Telemedicine in ophthalmology
verfasst von
Marina Casazza
Matthias Bolz
Josef Huemer
Publikationsdatum
14.04.2025
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-025-01081-z