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Erschienen in: Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Österreich 4/2019

06.11.2019 | Schwangerschaft | Originalien

Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Anca Zimmermann

Erschienen in: Gynäkologie in der Praxis | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Während der Schwangerschaft findet eine Vielzahl an physiologischen Schilddrüsenveränderungen statt: Anstieg des thyroxinbindenden Globulins, Abfall des TSH, Zunahme der Gesamtthyroxinkonzentration und des Jodbedarfs. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird auf schwangerschaftsassoziierte pathologische Veränderungen der Schilddrüse eingegangen, mit Beleuchtung ihrer Bedeutung für Mutter und Kind sowie mit einer praxisorientierten Darstellung aktuellster Empfehlungen für Diagnostik und Therapie. Zur Definition und Behandlungsbedürftigkeit der Hypothyreose sind neue obere TSH-Werte und die Präsenz von Anti-TPO-Antikörpern zu beachten. Eine Behandlung ist bei manifester Schilddrüsenunterfunktion immer sowie bei latenter Hypothyreose in speziellen Situationen notwendig, um negative Folgen für Mutter und Kind zu verhindern. Bei positivem Anti-TPO-Titer und Euthyreose ist eine regelmäßige TSH-Kontrolle notwendig. Eine relevante Ursache für Hyperthyreose in der Schwangerschaft ist der Morbus Basedow. Differenzialdiagnostisch ist eine schwangerschaftsassoziierte Hyperthyreose abzugrenzen. Bei floridem Morbus Basedow kommen Thyreostatika in der niedrigsten effektiven Dosis zum Einsatz, mit dem Ziel, fT4 im oberen Normbereich und TSH supprimiert zu halten. Indikation und Risiken verschiedener Thyreostatika werden diskutiert. In bestimmten Fällen sind TRAK-Kontrollen, parallel zu regelmäßigen sonographischen Kontrollen des Fetus, notwendig. Die Postpartumthyreoiditis (PPT) verläuft oft biphasisch, mit einer selbstlimitierenden hyperthyreoten Phase in den ersten 6 Monaten, gefolgt von Hypothyreose und Euthyreose nach ca. 1 Jahr. Bei der Erstdiagnose eines differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms in der Schwangerschaft kann die Operation meistens bis postpartal verschoben werden. Weiterhin wird auf die Bedeutung und praktische Gewährleistung einer adäquaten Jodversorgung in der Schwangerschaft sowie auf die aktuellen Indikationen zum Schilddrüsenscreening eingegangen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Anca Zimmermann
Publikationsdatum
06.11.2019
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Gynäkologie in der Praxis / Ausgabe 4/2019
Print ISSN: 3005-0758
Elektronische ISSN: 3005-0766
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41974-019-00113-y

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