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Erschienen in: Wiener klinisches Magazin 1/2020

14.01.2020 | Onkologie

Rolle der Radiotherapie beim Pankreaskarzinom

verfasst von: Dr. Nicole L. Goerig, Prof. Dr. Rainer Fietkau

Erschienen in: Wiener klinisches Magazin | Ausgabe 1/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Pankreaskarzinom ist ein Tumor mit einer jährlichen weltweiten Inzidenz von ca. 340.000 Neuerkrankungen. Die Prognose ist mit Fünfjahresüberleben von 2–6 % extrem ungünstig. Bei Diagnosestellung ist die Resektion als die einzig kurative Option bei nur etwa 30 % der Patienten primär möglich. Sowohl zur Herstellung von Operabilität bei zunächst nicht resektablem Befund und zur Verbesserung des Operationsergebnisses als auch zur Erhöhung der Lebenserwartung definitiv inoperabler Patienten auch in fortgeschrittenen Stadien kann die Radio(chemo)therapie angewandt werden.

Ziel

Diese Arbeit gibt eine aktuelle Übersicht über die Rolle der Radiotherapie bei der Behandlung des Pankreaskarzinoms.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine Literaturanalyse von grundlegenden Arbeiten, Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten und aktuellen Studien durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Daten aus prospektiven und retrospektiven Studien zeigen, dass die neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie die Zahl der operablen Patienten erhöhen und ihr Überleben verbessern kann. Vergleichbare Hinweise gibt es in der adjuvanten Radiochemotherapie von operierten Patienten mit zusätzlichen Risikofaktoren (R1, N +). Bei definitiver Inoperabilität und in der Rezidivtherapie kann die Radiochemotherapie ebenfalls einen positiven Beitrag zur lokalen Tumorkontrolle und Verbesserung der Therapiefreiheit leisten, evtl. auch zur Prognose. In der palliativen Situation kann die Bestrahlung zur lokalen Schmerzbehandlung eingesetzt werden.

Diskussion

Die Rolle der Radiotherapie im Rahmen multimodaler Therapiekonzepte wird derzeit kritisch diskutiert. Eine Reihe von retrospektiven und prospektiven Studien geben jedoch deutliche Hinweise für einen zusätzlichen Nutzen der Radiotherapie zur Operation und Chemotherapie. Dies muss in prospektiven Studien, bei denen moderne gewebeschonende Bestrahlungstechniken wie Stereotaxie und intensitätsmodulierte Radiotherapie zum Einsatz kommen, jedoch noch weiter abgeklärt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Rolle der Radiotherapie beim Pankreaskarzinom
verfasst von
Dr. Nicole L. Goerig
Prof. Dr. Rainer Fietkau
Publikationsdatum
14.01.2020
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinisches Magazin / Ausgabe 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1869-1757
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7817
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00740-020-00326-4

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