Skip to main content
Erschienen in: memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology 2/2013

01.06.2013 | special report

Recommendations of the Austrian Working Group on Lung Pathology and Oncology for predictive molecular and immunohistochemical testing in non-small cell lung cancer

verfasst von: Helmut H. Popper, MD, Ulrike Gruber-Moesenbacher, MD, Leonhard Müllauer, MD, Georg Hutarew, MD, Michael Vesely, MD, Mag Robert Pirker, MD, Wolfgang Hilbe, MD, Ferdinand Ploner, MD, Ulrike Setinek, MD, Wolfgang Hulla, MD, Hans Maier, MD, William Sterlacci, MD, Klaus Kirchbacher, MD, Rainer Kolb, MD, Maximilian Hochmair, MD, Gerald Webersinke, MD, Elvira Stacher, MD, Patricia Grabher, MD, Tamara Hernler, MD

Erschienen in: memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology | Ausgabe 2/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The introduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of the EGFR has opened a new area of lung cancer treatment strategies and led to an enthusiastic search for additional mutations. Since then, numerous driver mutations such as EML4-ALK and ROS1 have been detected and specific treatment options have already been developed. However, molecular tests have to follow specific rules if applied in daily practice. The Austrian Working Group on Pulmonary Pathology and Oncology (AWGPPO) is presenting an updated version of their previous recommendation published in 2011. Several practical questions raised during the last 2 years will be addressed, such as reflex testing, selection of tissues, order of molecular tests, and the issue of resistance mechanisms.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohe Y, Yang JJ, Chewaskulyong B, Jiang H, Duffield EL, Watkins CL, Armour AA, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:947–57.PubMedCrossRef Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohe Y, Yang JJ, Chewaskulyong B, Jiang H, Duffield EL, Watkins CL, Armour AA, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:947–57.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong DW-S, Leung EL-H, So KK-T, Tam IY-S, Sihoe AD-L, Cheng L-C, Ho K-K, Au JS-K, Chung L-P, Pik Wong M. University of Hong Kong Lung Cancer Study G: the EML4-ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild-type EGFR and KRAS. Cancer. 2009;115:1723–33.PubMedCrossRef Wong DW-S, Leung EL-H, So KK-T, Tam IY-S, Sihoe AD-L, Cheng L-C, Ho K-K, Au JS-K, Chung L-P, Pik Wong M. University of Hong Kong Lung Cancer Study G: the EML4-ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild-type EGFR and KRAS. Cancer. 2009;115:1723–33.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, Nomura K, Ninomiya H, Okui M, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Soda M, Choi YL, Niki T, Mano H, Ishikawa Y. EML4-ALK fusion is linked to histological characteristics in a subset of lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3:13–7.PubMedCrossRef Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, Nomura K, Ninomiya H, Okui M, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Soda M, Choi YL, Niki T, Mano H, Ishikawa Y. EML4-ALK fusion is linked to histological characteristics in a subset of lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3:13–7.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong DW, Leung EL, Wong SK, Tin VP, Sihoe AD, Cheng LC, Au JS, Chung LP. Wong MP: a novel KIF5B-ALK variant in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2011;117:2709–18.PubMedCrossRef Wong DW, Leung EL, Wong SK, Tin VP, Sihoe AD, Cheng LC, Au JS, Chung LP. Wong MP: a novel KIF5B-ALK variant in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2011;117:2709–18.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss J, Sos ML, Seidel D, Peifer M, Zander T, Heuckmann JM, Ullrich RT, Menon R, Maier S, Soltermann A, Moch H, Wagener P, Fischer F, Heynck S, Koker M, Schottle J, Leenders F, Gabler F, Dabow I, Querings S, Heukamp LC, Balke-Want H, Ansen S, Rauh D, Baessmann I, Altmuller J, Wainer Z, Conron M, Wright G, Russell P, Solomon B, Brambilla E, Brambilla C, Lorimier P, Sollberg S, Brustugun OT, Engel-Riedel W, Ludwig C, Petersen I, Sanger J, Clement J, Groen H, Timens W, Sietsma H, Thunnissen E, Smit E, Heideman D, Cappuzzo F, Ligorio C, Damiani S, Hallek M, Beroukhim R, Pao W, Klebl B, Baumann M, Buettner R, Ernestus K, Stoelben E, Wolf J, Nurnberg P, Perner S, Thomas RK. Frequent and focal FGFR1 amplification associates with therapeutically tractable FGFR1 dependency in squamous cell lung cancer. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2:62ra93.PubMedCrossRef Weiss J, Sos ML, Seidel D, Peifer M, Zander T, Heuckmann JM, Ullrich RT, Menon R, Maier S, Soltermann A, Moch H, Wagener P, Fischer F, Heynck S, Koker M, Schottle J, Leenders F, Gabler F, Dabow I, Querings S, Heukamp LC, Balke-Want H, Ansen S, Rauh D, Baessmann I, Altmuller J, Wainer Z, Conron M, Wright G, Russell P, Solomon B, Brambilla E, Brambilla C, Lorimier P, Sollberg S, Brustugun OT, Engel-Riedel W, Ludwig C, Petersen I, Sanger J, Clement J, Groen H, Timens W, Sietsma H, Thunnissen E, Smit E, Heideman D, Cappuzzo F, Ligorio C, Damiani S, Hallek M, Beroukhim R, Pao W, Klebl B, Baumann M, Buettner R, Ernestus K, Stoelben E, Wolf J, Nurnberg P, Perner S, Thomas RK. Frequent and focal FGFR1 amplification associates with therapeutically tractable FGFR1 dependency in squamous cell lung cancer. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2:62ra93.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohno T, Ichikawa H, Totoki Y, Yasuda K, Hiramoto M, Nammo T, Sakamoto H, Tsuta K, Furuta K, Shimada Y, Iwakawa R, Ogiwara H, Oike T, Enari M, Schetter AJ, Okayama H, Haugen A, Skaug V, Chiku S, Yamanaka I, Arai Y, Watanabe S, Sekine I, Ogawa S, Harris CC, Tsuda H, Yoshida T, Yokota J. Shibata T: KIF5B-RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2012;18:375–7.PubMedCrossRef Kohno T, Ichikawa H, Totoki Y, Yasuda K, Hiramoto M, Nammo T, Sakamoto H, Tsuta K, Furuta K, Shimada Y, Iwakawa R, Ogiwara H, Oike T, Enari M, Schetter AJ, Okayama H, Haugen A, Skaug V, Chiku S, Yamanaka I, Arai Y, Watanabe S, Sekine I, Ogawa S, Harris CC, Tsuda H, Yoshida T, Yokota J. Shibata T: KIF5B-RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2012;18:375–7.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Popper H, Wrba F, Gruber-Moesenbacher U, Hulla W, Pirker R, Hilbe W, Studnicka M, Mohn-Staudner A, Ploner F, Pathology atPPWGotASoPIAo. A histology-based algorithm in the molecular diagnosis of mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Memo. 2011;4:248–53.CrossRef Popper H, Wrba F, Gruber-Moesenbacher U, Hulla W, Pirker R, Hilbe W, Studnicka M, Mohn-Staudner A, Ploner F, Pathology atPPWGotASoPIAo. A histology-based algorithm in the molecular diagnosis of mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Memo. 2011;4:248–53.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Popper H, Wrba F, Gruber-Mösenbacher U, Hulla W, Pirker R, Hilbe W, Studnicka M, Mohn-Staudner A, Ploner F, ÖGP-IAP udAPd. Histologie-basierter Algorithmus der molekularen Diagnostik des epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptorgens (Epidermal Growth Factor R, EGFR) beim nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)—Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe Pulmopathologie der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für P. WiKliWo. 2011;123:316–21. Popper H, Wrba F, Gruber-Mösenbacher U, Hulla W, Pirker R, Hilbe W, Studnicka M, Mohn-Staudner A, Ploner F, ÖGP-IAP udAPd. Histologie-basierter Algorithmus der molekularen Diagnostik des epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptorgens (Epidermal Growth Factor R, EGFR) beim nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)—Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe Pulmopathologie der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für P. WiKliWo. 2011;123:316–21.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dutt A, Ramos AH, Hammerman PS, Mermel C, Cho J, Sharifnia T, Chande A, Tanaka KE, Stransky N, Greulich H, Gray NS, Meyerson M. Inhibitor-sensitive FGFR1 amplification in human non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20351.PubMedCrossRef Dutt A, Ramos AH, Hammerman PS, Mermel C, Cho J, Sharifnia T, Chande A, Tanaka KE, Stransky N, Greulich H, Gray NS, Meyerson M. Inhibitor-sensitive FGFR1 amplification in human non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20351.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen YT, Chang JW, Liu HP, Yu TF, Chiu YT, Hsieh JJ, Chen YR, Wu HD, Huang SF. Clinical implications of high MET gene dosage in non-small cell lung cancer patients without previous tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6:2027–35.PubMedCrossRef Chen YT, Chang JW, Liu HP, Yu TF, Chiu YT, Hsieh JJ, Chen YR, Wu HD, Huang SF. Clinical implications of high MET gene dosage in non-small cell lung cancer patients without previous tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6:2027–35.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaw AT, Yeap BY, Solomon BJ, Riely GJ, Gainor J, Engelman JA, Shapiro GI, Costa DB, Ou SH, Butaney M, Salgia R, Maki RG, Varella-Garcia M, Doebele RC, Bang YJ, Kulig K, Selaru P, Tang Y, Wilner KD, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Iafrate AJ, Camidge DR. Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:1004–12.PubMedCrossRef Shaw AT, Yeap BY, Solomon BJ, Riely GJ, Gainor J, Engelman JA, Shapiro GI, Costa DB, Ou SH, Butaney M, Salgia R, Maki RG, Varella-Garcia M, Doebele RC, Bang YJ, Kulig K, Selaru P, Tang Y, Wilner KD, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Iafrate AJ, Camidge DR. Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:1004–12.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ou SH, Bartlett CH, Mino-Kenudson M, Cui J, Iafrate AJ. Crizotinib for the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: a success story to usher in the second decade of molecular targeted therapy in oncology. Oncologist. 2012;17:1357–75.CrossRef Ou SH, Bartlett CH, Mino-Kenudson M, Cui J, Iafrate AJ. Crizotinib for the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: a success story to usher in the second decade of molecular targeted therapy in oncology. Oncologist. 2012;17:1357–75.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi O, Komaki R, Smith PD, Jurgensmeier JM, Ryan A, Bekele BN, Wistuba II, Jacoby JJ, Korshunova MV, Biernacka A, Erez B, Hosho K, Herbst RS, O’Reilly MS. Combined MEK and VEGFR inhibition in orthotopic human lung cancer models results in enhanced inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:1641–54.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi O, Komaki R, Smith PD, Jurgensmeier JM, Ryan A, Bekele BN, Wistuba II, Jacoby JJ, Korshunova MV, Biernacka A, Erez B, Hosho K, Herbst RS, O’Reilly MS. Combined MEK and VEGFR inhibition in orthotopic human lung cancer models results in enhanced inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:1641–54.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Pirker R, Pereira JR, von Pawel J, Krzakowski M, Ramlau R, Park K, de Marinis F, Eberhardt WE, Paz-Ares L, Storkel S, Schumacher KM, von Heydebreck A, Celik I, O’Byrne KJ. EGFR expression as a predictor of survival for first-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:33–42.PubMedCrossRef Pirker R, Pereira JR, von Pawel J, Krzakowski M, Ramlau R, Park K, de Marinis F, Eberhardt WE, Paz-Ares L, Storkel S, Schumacher KM, von Heydebreck A, Celik I, O’Byrne KJ. EGFR expression as a predictor of survival for first-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:33–42.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SM, Kwon OJ, Hong YK, Kim JH, Solca F, Ha SJ, Soo RA, Christensen JG, Lee JH. Cho BC: Activation of IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling induces De Novo resistance to irreversible EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with T790M resistance mutation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:2254–64.PubMedCrossRef Kim SM, Kwon OJ, Hong YK, Kim JH, Solca F, Ha SJ, Soo RA, Christensen JG, Lee JH. Cho BC: Activation of IL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling induces De Novo resistance to irreversible EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with T790M resistance mutation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:2254–64.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Oxnard GR, Arcila ME, Chmielecki J, Ladanyi M, Miller VA, Pao W. New strategies in overcoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:5530–7.PubMedCrossRef Oxnard GR, Arcila ME, Chmielecki J, Ladanyi M, Miller VA, Pao W. New strategies in overcoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:5530–7.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaft JE, Arcila ME, Paik PK, Lau C, Riely GJ, Pietanza MC, Zakowski MF, Rusch V, Sima CS, Ladanyi M, Kris MG. Coexistence of PIK3CA and other oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma-rationale for comprehensive mutation profiling. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:485–91.PubMedCrossRef Chaft JE, Arcila ME, Paik PK, Lau C, Riely GJ, Pietanza MC, Zakowski MF, Rusch V, Sima CS, Ladanyi M, Kris MG. Coexistence of PIK3CA and other oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma-rationale for comprehensive mutation profiling. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:485–91.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Yano S, Takeuchi S, Nakagawa T, Yamada T. Ligand-triggered resistance to molecular targeted drugs in lung cancer: roles of hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. Cancer Sci. 2012;103:1189–94.PubMedCrossRef Yano S, Takeuchi S, Nakagawa T, Yamada T. Ligand-triggered resistance to molecular targeted drugs in lung cancer: roles of hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. Cancer Sci. 2012;103:1189–94.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kosaka T, Yamaki E, Mogi A, Kuwano H. Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR TKIs and development of a new generation of drugs in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:165214.PubMedCrossRef Kosaka T, Yamaki E, Mogi A, Kuwano H. Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR TKIs and development of a new generation of drugs in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:165214.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng KP, Hillmer AM, Chuah CT, Juan WC, Ko TK, Teo AS, Ariyaratne PN, Takahashi N, Sawada K, Fei Y, Soh S, Lee WH, Huang JW, Allen JC, Jr., Woo XY, Nagarajan N, Kumar V, Thalamuthu A, Poh WT, Ang AL, Mya HT, How GF, Yang LY, Koh LP, Chowbay B, Chang CT, Nadarajan VS, Chng WJ, Than H, Lim LC, Goh YT, Zhang S, Poh D, Tan P, Seet JE, Ang MK, Chau NM, Ng QS, Tan DS, Soda M, Isobe K, Nothen MM, Wong TY, Shahab A, Ruan X, Cacheux-Rataboul V, Sung WK, Tan EH, Yatabe Y, Mano H, Soo RA, Chin TM, Lim WT, Ruan Y, Ong ST. A common BIM deletion polymorphism mediates intrinsic resistance and inferior responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Nat Med. 2012;18:521–8.PubMedCrossRef Ng KP, Hillmer AM, Chuah CT, Juan WC, Ko TK, Teo AS, Ariyaratne PN, Takahashi N, Sawada K, Fei Y, Soh S, Lee WH, Huang JW, Allen JC, Jr., Woo XY, Nagarajan N, Kumar V, Thalamuthu A, Poh WT, Ang AL, Mya HT, How GF, Yang LY, Koh LP, Chowbay B, Chang CT, Nadarajan VS, Chng WJ, Than H, Lim LC, Goh YT, Zhang S, Poh D, Tan P, Seet JE, Ang MK, Chau NM, Ng QS, Tan DS, Soda M, Isobe K, Nothen MM, Wong TY, Shahab A, Ruan X, Cacheux-Rataboul V, Sung WK, Tan EH, Yatabe Y, Mano H, Soo RA, Chin TM, Lim WT, Ruan Y, Ong ST. A common BIM deletion polymorphism mediates intrinsic resistance and inferior responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Nat Med. 2012;18:521–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Katayama R, Shaw AT, Khan TM, Mino-Kenudson M, Solomon BJ, Halmos B, Jessop NA, Wain JC, Yeo AT, Benes C, Drew L, Saeh JC, Crosby K, Sequist LV, Iafrate AJ, Engelman JA. Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:120ra117.CrossRef Katayama R, Shaw AT, Khan TM, Mino-Kenudson M, Solomon BJ, Halmos B, Jessop NA, Wain JC, Yeo AT, Benes C, Drew L, Saeh JC, Crosby K, Sequist LV, Iafrate AJ, Engelman JA. Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:120ra117.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Doebele RC, Pilling AB, Aisner DL, Kutateladze TG, Le AT, Weickhardt AJ, Kondo KL, Linderman DJ, Heasley LE, Franklin WA, Varella-Garcia M, Camidge DR. Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:1472–82.PubMedCrossRef Doebele RC, Pilling AB, Aisner DL, Kutateladze TG, Le AT, Weickhardt AJ, Kondo KL, Linderman DJ, Heasley LE, Franklin WA, Varella-Garcia M, Camidge DR. Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:1472–82.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Camidge DR, Doebele RC. Treating ALK-positive lung cancer—early successes and future challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012;9:268–77.PubMedCrossRef Camidge DR, Doebele RC. Treating ALK-positive lung cancer—early successes and future challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012;9:268–77.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Thunnissen E, Bubendorf L, Dietel M, Elmberger G, Kerr K, Lopez-Rios F, Moch H, Olszewski W, Pauwels P, Penault-Llorca F, Rossi G. EML4-ALK testing in non-small cell carcinomas of the lung: a review with recommendations. Virchows Arch. 2012;461:245–57.PubMedCrossRef Thunnissen E, Bubendorf L, Dietel M, Elmberger G, Kerr K, Lopez-Rios F, Moch H, Olszewski W, Pauwels P, Penault-Llorca F, Rossi G. EML4-ALK testing in non-small cell carcinomas of the lung: a review with recommendations. Virchows Arch. 2012;461:245–57.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Just PA, Cazes A, Audebourg A, Cessot A, Pallier K, Danel C, Vacher-Lavenu MC, Laurent-Puig P, Terris B, Blons H. Histologic subtypes, immunohistochemistry, FISH or molecular screening for the accurate diagnosis of ALK-rearrangement in lung cancer: a comprehensive study of Caucasian non-smokers. Lung Cancer. 2012;76:309–15.PubMedCrossRef Just PA, Cazes A, Audebourg A, Cessot A, Pallier K, Danel C, Vacher-Lavenu MC, Laurent-Puig P, Terris B, Blons H. Histologic subtypes, immunohistochemistry, FISH or molecular screening for the accurate diagnosis of ALK-rearrangement in lung cancer: a comprehensive study of Caucasian non-smokers. Lung Cancer. 2012;76:309–15.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Takeuchi K, Soda M, Togashi Y, Suzuki R, Sakata S, Hatano S, Asaka R, Hamanaka W, Ninomiya H, Uehara H, Lim Choi Y, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Mano H, Ishikawa Y. RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer. Nat Med. 2012;18:378–81.PubMedCrossRef Takeuchi K, Soda M, Togashi Y, Suzuki R, Sakata S, Hatano S, Asaka R, Hamanaka W, Ninomiya H, Uehara H, Lim Choi Y, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Mano H, Ishikawa Y. RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer. Nat Med. 2012;18:378–81.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gu TL, Deng X, Huang F, Tucker M, Crosby K, Rimkunas V, Wang Y, Deng G, Zhu L, Tan Z, Hu Y, Wu C, Nardone J, MacNeill J, Ren J, Reeves C, Innocenti G, Norris B, Yuan J, Yu J, Haack H, Shen B, Peng C, Li H, Zhou X, Liu X, Rush J, Comb MJ. Survey of tyrosine kinase signaling reveals ROS kinase fusions in human cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e15640.PubMedCrossRef Gu TL, Deng X, Huang F, Tucker M, Crosby K, Rimkunas V, Wang Y, Deng G, Zhu L, Tan Z, Hu Y, Wu C, Nardone J, MacNeill J, Ren J, Reeves C, Innocenti G, Norris B, Yuan J, Yu J, Haack H, Shen B, Peng C, Li H, Zhou X, Liu X, Rush J, Comb MJ. Survey of tyrosine kinase signaling reveals ROS kinase fusions in human cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e15640.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Recommendations of the Austrian Working Group on Lung Pathology and Oncology for predictive molecular and immunohistochemical testing in non-small cell lung cancer
verfasst von
Helmut H. Popper, MD
Ulrike Gruber-Moesenbacher, MD
Leonhard Müllauer, MD
Georg Hutarew, MD
Michael Vesely, MD
Mag Robert Pirker, MD
Wolfgang Hilbe, MD
Ferdinand Ploner, MD
Ulrike Setinek, MD
Wolfgang Hulla, MD
Hans Maier, MD
William Sterlacci, MD
Klaus Kirchbacher, MD
Rainer Kolb, MD
Maximilian Hochmair, MD
Gerald Webersinke, MD
Elvira Stacher, MD
Patricia Grabher, MD
Tamara Hernler, MD
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology / Ausgabe 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1865-5041
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-5076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12254-013-0087-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2013

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology 2/2013 Zur Ausgabe